A thermal method of forming ferric oxide nano/microparticles with predominant morphology is described using different solvents. Methods of using the Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nano/microparticles as catalysts in the reduction of nitro compounds with sodium borohydride to the corresponding amines and decomposition of ammonium salts.

The present disclosure relates to a carbon-based nanomaterial composition that may be formed from a gas mixture and a copper powder. The gas mixture may include a carbon based gas, an oxygen gas, and a hydrogen gas. The carbon-based nanomaterial composition may include copper doped nano spheres.

A method of forming magnetic/plasmonic hybrid structures is disclosed. The method includes synthesizing colloidal magnetic nanoparticles; modifying the magnetic nanoparticles in a solution of a polymeric ligand; binding metal seed nanoparticles to the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles; and performing a seed-mediated growth on the metal seed nanoparticles by reducing a metal salt in solution to form the magnetic/plasmonic hybrid structures.

Provided are a cathode active material having a suitable particle size and high uniformity, and a nickel composite hydroxide as a precursor of the cathode active material. When obtaining nickel composite hydroxide by a crystallization reaction, nucleation is performed by controlling a nucleation aqueous solution that includes a metal compound, which includes nickel, and an ammonium ion donor so that the pH value at a standard solution temperature of 25° C. becomes 12.0 to 14.0, after which, particles are grown by controlling a particle growth aqueous solution that includes the formed nuclei so that the pH value at a standard solution temperature of 25° C. becomes 10.5 to 12.0, and so that the pH value is lower than the pH value during nucleation. The crystallization reaction is performed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at least in a range after the processing time exceeds at least 40% of the total time of the particle growth process from the start of the particle growth process where the oxygen concentration is 1 volume % or less, and with controlling an agitation power requirement per unit volume into a range of 0.5 kW/m.sup.3 to 4 kW/m.sup.3 at least during the nucleation process.

The present invention related to a hollow silica particle including: a shell layer containing silica; and a space formed inside the shell layer, in which the hollow silica particle has a particle density as measured by a dry pycnometer density measurement using helium gas of 2.00 g/cm.sup.3 or more and a particle density as measured by a dry pycnometer density measurement using oxygen gas of lower than 2.00 g/cm.sup.3.

A process for producing solar grade silicon from silica sand employs a plurality of plasma furnaces to perform a sequence of chemical reactions together with other process steps to produce solar grade silicon. The plasma furnace generates a stable dirty air, donutshaped plasma into which particulate matter can be introduced. The plasma in the first two stages is formed by gases from the chemical reactions and in the third from inert gasses. Cyclone separators are used to extract particulates from the plasma in an inert gas that prevents reverse reactions as the particular cools.

A method for manufacturing bacterially induced crystal particle includes culturing bacteria in a culture medium including a carbon source and a raw metal material including a transition metal, so that the bacteria induce a raw metal material to undergo a reduction-oxidation reaction; isolating a wet powder material from the culture medium; and drying the wet powder material to obtain a powder material. The powder material includes at least one bacterially induced crystal particle.

A material synthesis method may comprise: adding at least one liquid precursor solution to an atomizer device; generating by the atomizer device an aerosol comprising liquid droplets; transporting the aerosol to a reactive zone for evaporating one or more solvents from the aerosol; and collecting particles synthesized from at least evaporating the aerosol.

Disclosed are a core-shell structure type wave absorbing material and a preparation method therefor. The wave absorbing material has a core-shell structure with two-dimensional transition metal-chalcogen compound nanosheets as cores and hollow carbon spheres as shells. The preparation method includes: dissolving the hollow carbon spheres in a solvent, sequentially adding a transition metal source and a chalcogen source, taking a solvothermal reaction after dissolution through stirring, and then performing posttreatment to obtain the wave absorbing material. The present invention further discloses an application of the wave absorbing material in fields of military and civilian high-frequency electromagnetic compatibility and protection. The core-shell structure type wave absorbing material of the present invention has a density of 0.3 to 1.5 g/cm.sup.3, a maximum reflection loss value and an effective bandwidth of the material can be effectively improved in a frequency range of 2 to 40 GHz, and the core-shell structure type wave absorbing material is an electromagnetic compatibility and protection material capable of meeting requirements of civilian high-frequency electronic devices and military weapons and equipment such as airships and artillery shells.

The present invention relates to a particle composition comprising XRD amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate particles and a method for manufacturing such a composition. The XRD amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate particles are spherical particles with a hollow core. The particle-containing paste may be used in dental products such as toothpaste to treat dentin hypersensitivity by mineralizing and occluding exposed dentin tubules.