Apparatus for purifying a fluid, which comprises electrode layers facing each other, power supplied to different polarities with spacer layers interposed, and traversed by a flow of fluid to be treated containing ionized particles. The electrode layers and the spacer layers are wound as a spiral around a longitudinal extension axis inside the suitably cylindrical containment structure. The power supply comprises a pair of collectors that are extended with portions inside the winding connected to the corresponding first internal sides of the electrode layers at the longitudinal extension axis.

The three-electrode structure for capacitive deionization desalination is a system for desalination of a fluid containing charged species and a process thereof. A capacitive deionization cell has at least three electrodes, wherein the first electrode is connected to either the positive or the negative potential, a second electrode, which is connected to a potential equal in magnitude but having a polarity opposite to that of the first electrode, and a third central electrode, which is placed between the first and second electrodes and is connected to a reference potential.

The present invention provides for a device useful or removing dissolved ions from water comprising or configured to comprise composite resin electrodes. The present invention provides for a device useful for removing dissolved ions from water comprising or configured to comprise composite resin electrodes. The present invention also provides for a method for removing dissolved ions from water comprising providing said device, and using it thereof.

There are provided an apparatus for water treatment using capacitive deionization and a method for controlling the same. The apparatus for water treatment using capacitive deionization includes a first filter unit and a second filter unit allowing dissolved solids included in an introduced fluid to be adsorbed on electrodes to generate purified water when a water purification voltage is applied to the electrodes, and allowing the dissolved solids adsorbed on the electrodes to be desorbed to generate regenerated water when a regeneration voltage is applied to the electrodes, respectively, and a controller iteratively alternatively applying the water purification voltage and the regeneration voltage to the first filter unit and the second filter unit to generate purified water having a pre-set target total dissolved solids (TDS) value.

Provided is a water treatment device that suppresses the degradation of electrodes in a capacitive de-ionization treatment section and is capable of maintaining high water treatment capability. The water treatment device includes an activated carbon treatment section that receives an inflow of water having a total organic carbon concentration of 100 mg/l or less and adsorbs and removes organic matters contained in the water; and, on the downstream side of the activated carbon treatment section, a capacitive de-ionization treatment section including a pair of electrodes to which voltages having polarities opposite to each other are applied, a flow path, and ion exchange membranes. Ions contained in the water are adsorbed to the electrodes with voltages applied thereto, and voltages reverse to the voltages at the time of ions adsorption are applied to the electrodes to release the ions from the electrodes.

Disclosed are a composition for an electrode binder of a capacitive deionization apparatus including at least one a hydrophilic polymer and a bifunctional cross-linking agent having a hydroxy group or a carboxyl group at both terminal ends, and at least one anion exchange group therein, and the bifunctional cross-linking agent being cross-linkable with the at least one hydrophilic polymer, an electrode for a capacitive deionization apparatus including the composition, a capacitive deionization apparatus including the electrode, and a method of removing ions from a liquid by using the capacitive deionization apparatus.

A system and method of desalination that utilizes a channel formed by a series of opposed rails where the series of opposed rails determines the length of the channel and the distance between opposed rails determines the width of the channel. Non-adjacent rails along the length of the channel are electrically coupled in a pattern and they are sequentially energized to create a potential voltage between opposed pairs of rails that attract ions towards them when ionized water flows through the channel.

Method for treating a fluid containing ionized particles, by means of an apparatus provided with a hydraulic circuit (100) intercepted by an immiscible storage tank and by a cyclically regenerating filtering unit (3, 3A, 3B), connected in parallel to the tank. The following are provided for: a supply pipe connected to the hydraulic circuit (100) upstream of the immiscible storage tank for introducing fluid to be purified and an extraction pipe (9) connected to the hydraulic circuit (100) downstream of the filtering unit (3, 3A, 3B) for conveying purified fluid to the user. The method cyclically comprises a circulation step, in which the fluid circulates through the filtering unit (3, 3A, 3B) and the immiscible tank (2), accumulating in the latter an operating amount of fluid with increasing concentration of ionized particles, and a production step in which an operating amount of fluid to be purified is introduced into the hydraulic circuit (100) by the supply pipe such that an equivalent operating amount of fluid with increasing concentration of ionized particles previously accumulated in the tank is forced to exit from the tank itself and pass through the filtering unit (3, 3A, 3B) in order to be further purified and then drawn by the extraction pipe (9).

A capacitive deionization electrode may include a conductive material and a polymer on a surface of the conductive material. The polymer may have at least one functional group in a single polymer chain.

Ion-selective separation by shock electrodialysis is performed by applying a voltage differential between electrodes across a porous medium to selectively draw a first species in a liquid toward at least one of the electrodes to a greater degree than a degree to which a second species in the liquid is drawn toward the same electrode. The voltage differential creates a shock in the charged-species concentration in the bulk volume of the liquid within pore channels of the porous medium, wherein the concentration of the first species in a depleted zone of the liquid bulk volume between the shock and the ion-selective boundary is substantially lower than the concentration of the second species in the liquid bulk volume between the shock and the first electrode. A dilute stream including the second species is extracted from the depleted zone separate from a concentrated stream including the first species.