A method for producing an aqueous copolymer solution, which comprises dissolving a copolymer of (meth)acrylamide and at least 1 mol-% cationic monomers, calculated from total amount of monomers in the dissolving water having calcium hardness of at least mg/l, expressed as Ca.sup.2+, and adding acid comprising monoprotic organic acid and/or mineral acid to the dissolving water and/or the aqueous solution of the copolymer in an amount sufficient to provide the aqueous solution of the copolymer with a pH of equal to or less than 4.5. The invention also relates to uses of the obtained polymer solutions in manufacturing of paper, board or the like or in treatment of sludge or water.

A method for producing an aqueous copolymer solution, which comprises dissolving a copolymer of (meth)acrylamide and at least 1 mol-% cationic monomers, calculated from total amount of monomers in the dissolving water having calcium hardness of at least mg/l, expressed as Ca.sup.2+, and adding acid comprising monoprotic organic acid and/or mineral acid to the dissolving water and/or the aqueous solution of the copolymer in an amount sufficient to provide the aqueous solution of the copolymer with a pH of equal to or less than 4.5. The invention also relates to uses of the obtained polymer solutions in manufacturing of paper, board or the like or in treatment of sludge or water.

A method for treating process water of a flotation arrangement, the flotation arrangement including a flotation arrangement including a mineral flotation line and a process water treatment arrangement for treating underflow of the of the mineral flotation line. The method includes the steps of a) dewatering underflow from the flotation in a gravitational solid-liquid separator; b) subjecting supernatant from step a) to cleaning flotation for collecting at least fine particles and residual flotation chemicals, for separating at least fine particles and residual flotation chemicals from the supernatant into cleaning flotation overflow, and for forming purified process water as cleaning flotation underflow; c) removing cleaning flotation overflow as tailings, and d) recirculating purified process water into the mineral flotation line.

A process for the primary clarification of feeds, including chemically treated flocculated feeds, containing the target biomolecules of interest such as mAbs, mammalian cell cultures, or bacterial cell cultures, using a primary clarification depth filtration device without the use of a primary clarification centrifugation step or a primary clarification tangential flow microfiltration step. The primary clarification depth filtration device contains a porous depth filter having graded porous layers of varying pore ratings. The primary clarification depth filtration device filters fluid feeds, including chemically treated flocculated feeds containing flocculated cellular debris and colloidal particulates having a particle size distribution of approximately about 0.5 μm to 200 μm, at a flow rate of about 10 litres/m.sup.2/hr to about 100 litres/m.sup.2/hr. Kits and methods of using and making the same are also provided.

A process for the primary clarification of feeds, including chemically treated flocculated feeds, containing the target biomolecules of interest such as mAbs, mammalian cell cultures, or bacterial cell cultures, using a primary clarification depth filtration device without the use of a primary clarification centrifugation step or a primary clarification tangential flow microfiltration step. The primary clarification depth filtration device contains a porous depth filter having graded porous layers of varying pore ratings. The primary clarification depth filtration device filters fluid feeds, including chemically treated flocculated feeds containing flocculated cellular debris and colloidal particulates having a particle size distribution of approximately about 0.5 μm to 200 μm, at a flow rate of about 10 litres/m.sup.2/hr to about 100 litres/m.sup.2/hr. Kits and methods of using and making the same are also provided.

Process for the production of anionic water-soluble polymer obtained by the polymerization of acrylic acid and acrylamide obtained by biocatalysed reaction, said process comprising the steps of preparing a diluted solution of acrylic acid by mixing acrylic acid and water wherein the mass ratio between acrylic acid and water is comprised between 95:5 and 70:30, preparing a diluted solution of bioacrylamide and water wherein the mass ratio between bioacrylamide and water is comprised between 60:40 and 10:90, mixing said diluted solution of acrylic acid with said diluted solution of bioacrylamide, neutralizing partially or totally the acid function of acrylic acid and polymerizing the resulting mixture.

The present disclosure relates to demulsifier compositions and methods of resolving emulsions using the compositions. The demulsifiers include modified hydroxy-succinimide copolymers. For example, the demulsifiers may include ethoxylated or propoxylated hydroxy-succinimide copolymers. The demulsifier compositions are useful for resolving oil-in-water, water-in-oil, and complex emulsions of water and oil.

Embodiments of the invention comprise methods and systems for optimizing coagulant dosing of raw water in a water treatment process. First, the embodiments determine the optimum dosage of pH adjusting chemicals to be added to the raw water based on a measurement of dissolved organic content, alkalinity, and pH of the raw water. Then, the embodiments perform a flocculation test of a mixture of the optimally-pH-dosed raw water and a hydrolyzing metal salt (HMS) wherein the dosage of the HMS salt in the mixture can be calculated based on a measurement of the charge demand of the optimally-pH-dosed raw water. The results of this flocculation test are compared to the results of at least one previous test of a combination of optimally-pH-dosed raw water and HMS to determine if the hydrolyzing metal salt dose is optimized. Once the HMS is optimized, the optimally-HMS-dosed optimally-pH-dosed water is tested with at least two different dosages of a polymer coagulant to determine the optimal polymer coagulant dosage to be used with the optimally-HMS-dosed optimally-pH-dosed water.

Embodiments of the invention comprise methods and systems for optimizing coagulant dosing of raw water in a water treatment process. First, the embodiments determine the optimum dosage of pH adjusting chemicals to be added to the raw water based on a measurement of dissolved organic content, alkalinity, and pH of the raw water. Then, the embodiments perform a flocculation test of a mixture of the optimally-pH-dosed raw water and a hydrolyzing metal salt (HMS) wherein the dosage of the HMS salt in the mixture can be calculated based on a measurement of the charge demand of the optimally-pH-dosed raw water. The results of this flocculation test are compared to the results of at least one previous test of a combination of optimally-pH-dosed raw water and HMS to determine if the hydrolyzing metal salt dose is optimized. Once the HMS is optimized, the optimally-HMS-dosed optimally-pH-dosed water is tested with at least two different dosages of a polymer coagulant to determine the optimal polymer coagulant dosage to be used with the optimally-HMS-dosed optimally-pH-dosed water.

The present invention relates to a process for selectively removing a first charged species from a plurality of charged species in solution, which process comprises: treating a solution with a functionalised polymer and a surfactant, wherein the solution comprises a plurality of charged species dissolved in a solvent, wherein the plurality of charged species comprises the first charged species and at least one further charged species which is different from the first charged species, and wherein the functionalised polymer comprises groups that bind preferentially to the first charged species.