A system for thermally bonding nonwoven fibers of assemblages of nonwoven fibers loosely held together may include a processing duct including an inlet end, an outlet end, and an intermediate portion extending between the inlet end and the outlet end. The system also may include one or more heat inlets located in the intermediate portion and configured to facilitate introduction of heat and air flow into the intermediate portion. The system further may include an inlet air feed at the inlet end and configured to separate the assemblages upon entry into the inlet end and propel the assemblages into the intermediate portion. The system also may include one or more heating devices configured to heat the assemblages as the assemblages are conveyed toward the outlet end to form processed assemblages, each of the processed assemblages including at least some nonwoven fibers adhered to one another.

A wastewater treatment apparatus has a tank with an access opening, at least one fixed film media pod positioned in the interior of the tank, a diffuser positioned in the interior of the tank, and an air pump connected to the diffuser. The fixed film media pod is formed of a polymeric material and has openings framed by the polymeric material. The diffuser is adapted to aerate liquid in the interior of the tank. The media pod has a tubular structure extending vertically in the interior of the tank and positioned above the bottom of the tank. Floats are attached to the top of the media pod so as to suspend the media pod in the liquid in the tank.

The present disclosure relates to a filter material which can be used in reducing the content of contaminants in a raw gas or liquid and a device which comprises the filter material. The disclosure also relates to a method for reducing the content of contaminants in a raw gas or liquid which applies the filter material and/or device.

Provided is a sheet laminate that enables the purification performance of a wastewater treatment apparatus to be maintained. A sheet laminate 21 is used in a wastewater treatment apparatus for purifying wastewater using action of microorganisms in the wastewater. The sheet laminate 21 comprises a base material 211 and a gas-permeable non-porous layer 212, the base material 211 being a microporous membrane.

Water treatment structures may have at least a first geotextile fabric layer; a second geotextile fabric layer; a third geotextile fabric layer; a first filler layer with plastic particles, arranged between the first and second geotextile fabric layers; and a second filler layer with plastic particles, arranged between the second and third geotextile fabric layers, wherein the geotextile fabric layers and the filler layers are within a housing, and wherein the structure is configured such that contaminated water proceeds sequentially through the first geotextile fabric layer, the first filler layer, the second geotextile fabric layer, the second filler layer, and the third geotextile fabric layer. Methods of treating wastewater may involve passing wastewater, after optional oxygenating and pre-filtering, through such alternating layers of geotextile, preferably nonwoven, and polymer particles.

A method and system for reducing the concentration of nitrogen-bound nitrate from at least one of groundwater, surface water, or waste water is disclosed. The system includes an algal photobioreactor system. The photobioreactor includes a transparent tubular structure, a medium disposed inside the transparent tubular structure, and alga configured to adhere to the medium. The photobioreactor further includes a pump, and a light source. The method includes providing contaminant-containing water, adding the water to the algal photobioreactor system, adjusting at least one of temperature, ion concentration, CO.sub.2 concentration, pH, light wavelength, ion concentration or light intensity in the algal photobioreactor system to enhance growth of algae, removing water from the algal photobioreactor system, and harvesting the algal biomass. A system and method are also disclosed for reducing the concentration of organophosphates from water via an organophosphate-removing alga.

A pond filter unit and a method for operating a pond filter unit is provided. A control unit controls the operation of the pond filter unit, including the cleaning cycle of the filter. The pond filter unit further includes one or more plugs for connecting one or more auxiliary devices, such as a separate pump, one or more additional pond filter units, illumination means/lamps, air pumps, and/or feed automats. The control unit of the pond filter further controls the one or more auxiliary devices connected to the plugs, such as pumps, air pumps, automatic feeding devices based on input settings for each of the one or more auxiliary devices. The control unit further controls the cleaning cycle for cleaning of the filter in the vessel.

In a method for treatment of waste water, a module (5) is used which includes a number of carrier elements (7) arranged in a sandwich structure and configured to be perfused a flow of waste water. The module (5) further has a number of partitions (8) arranged between carrier elements (7) and configured to direct the flow of waste water through the module (5). The module (5) may also be used in a system together with an air supplying device (20) and a waste water vessel. The air is supplied to the module (5) by the air supplying device (20).

Water treatment structures may have at least a first geotextile fabric layer; a second geotextile fabric layer; a third geotextile fabric layer; a first filler layer with plastic particles, arranged between the first and second geotextile fabric layers; and a second filler layer with plastic particles, arranged between the second and third geotextile fabric layers, wherein the geotextile fabric layers and the filler layers are within a housing, and wherein the structure is configured such that contaminated water proceeds sequentially through the first geotextile fabric layer, the first filler layer, the second geotextile fabric layer, the second filler layer, and the third geotextile fabric layer. Methods of treating wastewater may involve passing wastewater, after optional oxygenating and pre-filtering, through such alternating layers of geotextile, preferably nonwoven, and polymer particles.

Water treatment structures may have at least a first geotextile fabric layer; a second geotextile fabric layer; a third geotextile fabric layer; a first filler layer with plastic particles, arranged between the first and second geotextile fabric layers; and a second filler layer with plastic particles, arranged between the second and third geotextile fabric layers, wherein the geotextile fabric layers and the filler layers are within a housing, and wherein the structure is configured such that contaminated water proceeds sequentially through the first geotextile fabric layer, the first filler layer, the second geotextile fabric layer, the second filler layer, and the third geotextile fabric layer. Methods of treating wastewater may involve passing wastewater, after optional oxygenating and pre-filtering, through such alternating layers of geotextile, preferably nonwoven, and polymer particles.