During testing of destruction of PFAS, we observed failure of the process tubing used for supercritical water oxidation. Metallurgical analysis of the failed tubing surprisingly revealed that hydrogen embrittlement led to the failure. In the present invention, conditions are modified to avoid or reduce hydrogen embrittlement.

A method for using foam fractionation to remove a PFAS contaminant from a water source is disclosed herein. The method includes providing a feed stream to an inlet of an active column, where the feed stream comprises the PFAS contaminant and water; introducing the feed stream into an interior of the active column; flowing gas through an active column into the interior of the active column; rising gas through the feed stream in the interior of the active column to form gas bubbles in the feed stream; forming a foam layer; passing the purified stream into a next column; continuously perform foam fractionation until the feed stream becomes a cleaned stream; collecting the foam layer; and disposing of the foam layer.

Systems and methods for treating water containing PFAS are disclosed. A bioreactor and a supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) system may be implemented to provide a complete chain of separation and destruction of PFAS to treat contaminated water. Adsorption media may be added to facilitate the removal of PFAS from water.

A salt separator separates salts and/or solid materials from a pumpable aqueous fluid mixture under process conditions, which lie in the range of the critical point for the fluid mixture. The salt separator contains a reaction zone in a cavity for transforming the pumpable aqueous fluid mixture into a raw mixture, e.g. a methanation reaction, and a feed opening for the pumpable aqueous fluid mixture to the cavity. The feed opening is realized in a rising pipe that protrudes into the cavity. A first extraction opening is provided for the raw mixture freed of salts and/or solid materials. The first extraction opening is arranged in the upper region of the cavity and a second extraction opening is provided for a brine containing the salt and/or the solid materials. The second extraction opening is arranged in the lower region of the cavity and is located lower down than the feed opening.

A gasification apparatus heats and pressurizes a gasification feedstock to bring the gasification feedstock into a supercritical state, and performs decomposition-treatment on the gasification feedstock to obtain fuel gas. The gasification apparatus includes a heat exchanger, a gas-liquid separator, and a synthesizer. The heat exchanger introduces the gasification feedstock into a low-temperature-side flow channel and introduces treated fluid in a supercritical state into a high-temperature-side flow channel, so that heat exchange is performed between the gasification feedstock and the treated fluid. The gas-liquid separator extracts, from the high-temperature-side flow channel, the treated fluid that has been in a subcritical state due to heat exchange, performs gas-liquid separation on the treated fluid, and returns a separated liquid to the high-temperature-side flow channel. The synthesizer synthesizes a liquid fuel from fuel gas separated by the gas-liquid separator.

A gasification apparatus heats and pressurizes a gasification feedstock to bring the gasification feedstock into a supercritical state, and performs decomposition-treatment on the gasification feedstock to obtain fuel gas. The gasification apparatus includes a heat exchanger, a gas-liquid separator, and a turbine. The heat exchanger introduces the gasification feedstock into a low-temperature-side flow channel and introduces treated fluid in a supercritical state into a high-temperature-side flow channel, so that heat exchange is performed between the gasification feedstock and the treated fluid. The gas-liquid separator extracts, from the high-temperature-side flow channel, the treated fluid that has been in a subcritical state due to heat exchange, performs gas-liquid separation on the treated fluid, and returns a separated liquid to the high-temperature-side flow channel. The turbine is powered by fuel gas separated by the gas-liquid separator.

Methods and systems of destroying PFAS utilize a jacketed reactor for supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). Inside the jacket, fuel and an oxidant are combined to provide heat for startup and operation of the SCWO reactor. The jacketed reactors can be operated in parallel and in mobile systems that can fit in a trailer for transportation and operation at a site that has PFAS contaminated water.

The invention relates to a facility for treatment of an aqueous effluent by hydrothermal oxidation, which comprises: a reactor comprising a tube in which the aqueous effluent to be treated flows, the tube of the reactor having a plurality of bends formed by oxidant-injection devices, each oxidant-injection device comprising: a reactor part (32) forming an effluent-circulation channel (35) bent at an angle in which a flow of aqueous effluent can circulate, and an injector part (33) comprising a first opening (49) suitable for being connected to a source of oxidant located outside the effluent-circulation channel (35) and a second opening (50) located in the effluent-circulation channel (35), and a source of oxidant connected to the injector part so as to inject the pressurised oxidant into the flow of aqueous effluent to be treated.

The present invention relates to a method for treating waste comprising at least one organic phase, said method comprising the following consecutive steps: a) preparation of an oil-in-water emulsion with controlled TOD using waste to be treated comprising at least one organic phase, by mixing said waste with an aqueous phase in a mixer, preferably with high shear; b) possible adjustment of the TOD of the emulsion obtained in step a); and c) hydrothermal oxidation, under subcritical or supercritical starting conditions, of the emulsion thus obtained. The present invention also relates to a facility suitable for implementing the method for treating waste comprising at least one organic phase according to the invention.

Disclosed herein is a method for treating aqueous effluents with organic content, particularly oil mill effluents, that includes: providing a flow of aqueous effluents with organic content, pressurizing the flow of aqueous effluents to a pressure value equal to or greater than the pressure value at the critical point of water, and heating the flow of aqueous effluents to a temperature value equal to or greater than the temperature value at the critical point of the water, processing the pressurized and heated flow of aqueous effluents by means of a supercritical water reactor, and subjecting the aqueous effluents processed by means of the supercritical water reactor to a catalytic hydrogenation treatment.