A method of removing fluoride ion from waste liquid is provided, which includes providing a calcium source and a plurality of ceramic particles to a waste liquid containing fluoride ion for forming a plurality of calcium fluoride layers wrapping the ceramic particles. The calcium fluoride layers are connected to form a calcium fluoride bulk. The ceramic particles are embedded in the calcium fluoride bulk. The ceramic particles and the calcium fluoride bulk have a weight ratio of 1:4 to 1:20.

A zirconium-based metal-organic framework material UiO-66(Zr) and a rapid room-temperature preparation method and application thereof are procided. The preparation method includes: (1) mixing a zirconium source and an organic ligand uniformly, then placing in methanol and stirring at room temperature, centrifuging and then discarding a supernatant to obtain a transparent gel-like intermediate product; and (2) heating and drying the intermediate product to obtain UiO-66(Zr). Compared with the prior art, the present invention excludes the use of N,N-dimethylformamide and other toxic organic solvents that are necessary in the traditional solvothermal method, and only needs to stir in methanol at room temperature and dry to obtain UiO-66(Zr). The method has mild conditions and a high yield. Moreover, the product purity is extremely high, and the product activation step can be omitted. The product has good adsorption to fluoride ion in water, and can be applied to the adsorption treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater.

A zirconium-based metal-organic framework material UiO-66(Zr) and a rapid room-temperature preparation method and application thereof are provided. The preparation method includes: (1) mixing a zirconium source and an organic ligand uniformly, then placing in methanol and stirring at room temperature, centrifuging and then discarding a supernatant to obtain a transparent gel-like intermediate product; and (2) heating and drying the intermediate product to obtain UiO-66(Zr). Compared with the prior art, the present invention excludes the use of N,N-dimethylformamide and other toxic organic solvents that are necessary in the traditional solvothermal method, and only needs to stir in methanol at room temperature and dry to obtain UiO-66(Zr). The method has mild conditions and a high yield. Moreover, the product purity is extremely high, and the product activation step can be omitted. The product has good adsorption to fluoride ion in water, and can be applied to the adsorption treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater.

The embodiments disclose a method including bottling alcoholic beverages with selected ingredients including alcohol neutral spirits, alcohol and whisky, beer, wine, ingredients to add flavors and nutritional additive ingredients to benefit the health of an alcoholic beverage drinker, wherein a selection of alcohols includes vodka, tequila, gin, rum, brandy and other alcoholic spirits, wherein a selection of ingredients to add flavors includes flavorings including fruit flavorings, an artificial sweetener, and natural sweetener, wherein a selection of nutritional additive ingredients includes vitamins, minerals, fulvic acid, humic acid, ulmic acid and a purified and sanitized black water with humic acid and fulvic acid molecules in a mixed solution, and wherein bottling includes a bottling electronic monitoring, at least one control network, at least one bottling quality control process and a bottling labeling and packaging process and devices.

A process for extracting fluoride from a solution of high pH comprising more than 0.1 mol of alkaline hydroxide and/or alcoholate per liter dissolved in a polar solvent is described. The polar solvent is chosen from water, lower alcohols, and mixtures thereof. The process is characterized in that the solution liquid is contacted with a solid phase adsorbent chosen from a) alkaline earth salts comprising carbonate anions, oxo anions, sulphate anions, or phosphate anions, and alkaline earth salts comprising a mixture of such anions or a mixture of such anions with hydroxyl anions, and b) cation binding resins loaded with one or more 3-valent cations, chosen from 3-valent cations of Al, Ga, In, Fe, Cr, Sc, Y, La and lanthanoides.

Provided is a water-purifying agent that is excellent in water purifying performance, can be suitably used in an automated wastewater purification apparatus, and is formed of a granulated product including a mixture of a powder of Corchorus olitorius and a polymeric flocculant, wherein a median diameter of the granulated product is 250 micrometers or greater but 850 micrometers or less.

A method of treating a waste liquid includes: an aluminum dissolution step of dissolving aluminum in an acidic waste liquid and performing separation into a first treated water and a reduced heavy metal precipitate; a gypsum recovery step of adding a calcium compound to the first treated water at a liquid property of a pH of 4 or less, and performing separation into a second treated water and gypsum; an aluminum and fluorine removal step of adding an alkali to the second treated water and performing separation into a third treated water and a precipitate containing aluminum and fluorine; and a neutralization step of adding an alkali to the third treated water and performing separation into an alkali neutralization treated water and a neutralized precipitate of a heavy metal hydroxide.

Preparing a porous hybrid media includes contacting porous media (e.g., strong base ion-exchange media) with an aqueous solution including aluminum ions to yield a aluminum-ion-containing porous media, contacting the aluminum-ion containing porous media with a reducing agent to impregnate elemental aluminum in the porous media, and oxidizing the elemental aluminum to yield a porous hybrid media including aluminum hydr(oxide) impregnated in the porous media. In some cases, a pH of an aqueous mixture including the aluminum-ion-containing porous media may be adjusted to form a floc including aluminum hydroxide, and the aluminum hydroxide-containing porous media may be contacted with a reducing agent to yield a porous hybrid media including aluminum hydr(oxide) impregnated in the porous media. The porous hybrid media may advantageously be prepared at low temperature (e.g., room temperature).

The embodiments disclose a method including bottling alcoholic beverages with selected ingredients including alcohol neutral spirits, alcohol and whisky, beer, wine, ingredients to add flavors and nutritional additive ingredients to benefit the health of an alcoholic beverage drinker, wherein a selection of alcohols includes vodka, tequila, gin, rum, brandy and other alcoholic spirits, wherein a selection of ingredients to add flavors includes flavorings including fruit flavorings, an artificial sweetener, and natural sweetener, wherein a selection of nutritional additive ingredients includes vitamins, minerals, fulvic acid, humic acid, ulmic acid and a purified and sanitized black water with humic acid and fulvic acid molecules in a mixed solution, and wherein bottling includes a bottling electronic monitoring, at least one control network, at least one bottling quality control process and a bottling labeling and packaging process and devices.

The present invention provides mixed metal oxide-hydroxide biopolymer composite beads for fluoride removal from groundwater and a process for the preparation thereof. The beads developed in the instant invention relate to novel granular adsorption medium which comprises two or more metal oxide-hydroxide/hydroxide/oxide nanoparticles and calcium alginate as supporting medium. The said mixed metal oxide-hydroxides and biopolymer composite (MBC) beads are useful for the treatment of fluoride containing drinking water by both batch and continuous mode operations. The MBC beads also showed arsenic sorption performance from spiked water by batch mode.