Methods and systems for the purification of an aqueous solution comprising a photocatalyst employed as an anode and a cathode in communication with an electrolyte to achieve a current flow wherein a charge is applied between the cathode and the photocatalytic excited anode a corresponding increase in electron-hole pairs occurs.

Embodiments of the invention include an elongate chamber. A UV source includes a semiconductor device, the semiconductor device including an active layer disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region. The active layer emits radiation having a peak wavelength in a UV range. The semiconductor device is positioned on a wall of the elongate chamber. An inner surface of the elongate chamber is reflective.

Embodiments of the invention include an elongate chamber. A UV source includes a semiconductor device, the semiconductor device including an active layer disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region. The active layer emits radiation having a peak wavelength in a UV range. The semiconductor device is positioned on a wall of the elongate chamber. An inner surface of the elongate chamber is reflective.

A UV reactor for treating water, the reactor includes a UV source, a tube positioned around the UV source, a surrounding structure coaxially surrounding the tube, a flow path positioned between the tube and the surrounding structure for the flow of water to be treated, and a diffusive surface positioned around the surrounding structure to reflect UV light from the UV source back into the flow path.

There is described, a fluid treatment system comprising: a fluid treatment chamber comprising a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet and a fluid treatment zone; an elongate radiation source assembly comprising an elongate radiation source configured to be disposed in the fluid treatment zone; and a lamp socket element secured to a proximal portion of the fluid treatment chamber, the lamp socket element configured to be disengaged from the elongate radiation source assembly only when the fluid treatment chamber is fluid non-pressurized.

A water purification system comprises a bioreaction subsystem receiving contaminated input effluent and having a gas-lift anaerobic membrane bioreactor removing urea and organic matter to create a first effluent. A light-treatment subsystem receives the first effluent and exposes the first effluent to UV light to create a second effluent free from microorganisms. A reactor subsystem fluidically connects an ammonia-reducing reactor to the UV output and receives UV-treated second effluent and has a struvite regenerator connected to the ammonia-reducing reactor output, separating ammonia from the second effluent in the ammonia-reducing reactor, and outputting the ammonia. A separation subsystem fluidically connects to the reactor output and receives the second effluent substantially free from ammonia and has a continuous electro-deionization device separating brine/salts from the second effluent to produce potable water. A closed-loop includes an ammonia-converting subsystem and a sequential fertilizer producer.

The present invention includes a UV-transmissive protective tube accommodated in a pressure-resistant container, a UV lamp accommodated in the protective tube, and a UV-transmissive water passage tube accommodated in the container. Liquid to be treated flows in the water passage tube. The remaining space in the container is filled with a UV-transmissive liquid medium, and UV rays from the UV lamp are radiated to the to-be-treated liquid through the protective tube, the liquid medium, and the water passage tube. The water passage tube is placed in the liquid medium, and thus, pressures inside and outside the water passage tube are substantially equal, in such a manner that the water pressure resistance of the water passage tube is substantially equal to the water pressure resistance of the container, and as a result, there is no need to particularly increase the strength of the water passage tube.

A liquid treatment module (2), configured for ultraviolet (UV)-light treatment of a liquid (4) flowing through a first treatment chamber (6) defined as a first elongated circumferential hollow cavity (8) between an outer surface (10) of a first translucent inner sleeve (12) and an inner surface (16) of a first outer sleeve (18) configured to enclose said first translucent sleeve (12). The inner sleeve (12) is arranged to protect and include a UV-light treatment lamp (14). The module comprises a module inlet connection (20) configured to receive liquid to be treated and a module outlet connection (22) configured to expel liquid treated by the liquid treatment module. The module comprises: first liquid flow guiding members (24) configured to guide and direct a liquid flow (26) from said module inlet connection (20) into said first treatment chamber (6), second liquid flow guiding members (28) configured to guide and direct a liquid flow (30) from said first treatment chamber (6) into a second treatment chamber (32), and third liquid flowing guiding members (34) configured to guide and direct a liquid recirculation flow (36) from said second treatment chamber (32) back into the first treatment chamber (6) again.

A liquid treatment system (2) comprising a liquid enclosure (4) having a main axis A, at least one ultra-violet (UV) light source (6) with an extension along said main axis and configured to emit UV light to a liquid in the liquid enclosure (4). The liquid enclosure comprises at least one liquid section (8) with an extension along the main axis and structured to contain the liquid. The system (2) comprises swirl generating members (12) configured to generate a swirling motion of the liquid around a swirling axis S in the at least one liquid section (8) wherein the swirling axis is essentially parallel to the main axis, wherein the swirling motion is such that a controlled varying distance is induced to essentially all liquid elements of the liquid in relation to said light source (6) such that essentially all liquid elements are moved into high UV radiation zones closest said UV transparent wall (10), to achieve uniform UV radiation of the liquid.

A purification apparatus includes a radio frequency (RF) signal source that generates an RF signal, first and second electrodes, and a conduit. The first electrode receives the RF signal and converts it into electromagnetic energy that is radiated by the first electrode. The conduit includes input and output ports and a chamber. The input and output ports are in fluid communication with the chamber, and the chamber is configured to receive an electrodeless bulb. The chamber is defined by first and second boundaries that are separated by a distance that is less than the wavelength of the RF signal so that the chamber is sub-resonant. The first electrode is physically positioned at the first boundary, and the second electrode is physically positioned at the second boundary. The first and second electrodes and the chamber form a structure that capacitively couples the electromagnetic energy into an electrodeless bulb within the chamber.