Contaminants are removed from untreated raw water or discharge water by applying direct current through an array of spaced, alternately charged electrodes positioned within and electrically isolated from a housing to eliminate or minimize clogging of the electrodes with precipitated contaminants. The housing is surrounded with container structure that cooperates with the housing to define an inlet chamber positioned between the source of untreated water and the housing containing the spaced array of electrodes. The container structure further includes an outlet chamber defined between the housing and the container structure for accumulating and draining water treated by the spaced electrode array.

A water treatment apparatus includes: a reaction vessel that contains water to be treated, including an upper part from which the water to be treated is introduced and a lower part from which the water to be treated is discharged, to form a downward flow; an ozone supply unit that supplies ozonized gas into the reaction vessel from the lower part to form an upward flow of the ozonized gas containing ozone gas and oxygen; and an electrolysis electrode pair disposed on the upper part of the reaction vessel, the pair that produces hydrogen peroxide from the water to be treated and the oxygen gas contained in the ozonized gas by electrolysis.

Provided is a water treatment device configured to perform a deionization treatment for the water to be treated, and the water treatment device includes a pressing member, a treatment container configured to store the water to be treated, a first electrode and a second electrode accommodated in the treatment container, a separator arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a pair of collectors, which are accommodated in the treatment container, and are configured to apply a voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode. The pressing member is configured to press the first electrode and the second electrode in the treatment container.

Various aspects described herein relate to electrochemical devices, e.g., for separation of one or more target organic or inorganic molecules (e.g., charged or neutral molecules) from solution, and methods of using the same. In particular embodiments, the electrochemical devices and methods described herein involve at least one redox-functionalized electrode, wherein the electrode comprises an immobilized redox-species that is selective toward a target molecule (e.g., charged molecule such as ion or netural molecule). The selectivity is based on a Faradaic/redox-activated chemical interaction (e.g., directional hydrogen binding) between the oxidized state of the redox species and a moiety of the target molecule (e.g., charged molecule such as ion or netural molecule).

The present invention provides a hydrogen water generator capable of efficiently generating hydrogen with a structure in which anode electrode(s) and cathode electrode(s) are arranged in a container in an approximately vertical direction. The electrode portion 4 which includes two or more of anode electrodes 4A or cathode electrodes 4B is supported by a generator body cover portion 2. The generator body cover portion 2 is held and the electrode portion 4 is immersed in drinking water in a beverage container 12 such as a cup. Then, electrolysis is caused owing to that a controller 11 applies voltage obtained by boosting supply voltage from a battery 8 to the electrode portion 4 for a predetermined time. At this time, since a plurality of energizing paths between the anode electrode(s) and the cathode electrode(s) are formed, hydrogen can be effectively generated in the drinking water.

A method for the electrochemical remediation of a metal species comprises flowing a contaminated solution comprising a metal species to be removed through an electrochemical cell that includes a working electrode and a counter electrode spaced apart from the working electrode. The working electrode comprises a conductive substrate or current collector with a polymeric coating thereon, where the polymeric coating comprises a semiconducting or redox-active polymer. A reducing potential is applied to the electrochemical cell, thereby inducing the metal species from the contaminated solution to deposit onto the working electrode. After depositing the metal species, a recovery solution is flowed through the electrochemical cell. An oxidizing potential is applied to the electrochemical cell, thereby stripping the metal species from the working electrode and recovering the metal species in the recovery solution.

The present invention provides a method of treating wheat fungal pathogens, comprising applying an electrolyzed water composition to a wheat crop affected with pathogens or area containing a wheat crop affected with pathogens. The electrolyzed water composition is prepared by a method comprising: preparing an electrolyte solution comprising water, at least one carbonate salt selected from anhydrous alkali metal carbonate salts, and at least one chloride salt selected from: alkali metal chloride salts; introducing the aqueous electrolyte solution into an electrolytic cell comprising a plurality of boron-doped diamond electrodes; and operating a power supply to apply a predetermined voltage to the electrolyte solution to produce an electrolyzed water biocidal composition comprising a plurality of active molecular and ionic species having biocidal activity, in which the mixture of at least two salts of the electrolyte are selected such that the dissolved O.sub.3 concentration is in the range of from 0.1 to 1,000 ppm.

Devices and associated methods described herein in accordance with embodiments of the present technology can, for example, treat acidity and remove suspended solids and heavy metals from acid mine and acid rock drainage, as well as from other acidic and various aqueous fluids of various pH. The disclosed system includes a cavitation/electro-coagulation reaction chamber, solids separation, and other optional components including a passive media contact reaction chamber, and/or an oxidation/reduction electrode assembly to facilitate or expand upon parameters requiring treatment. The disclosed system can be packaged in small housing units suitable for insertion within mine tunnels or adits, but may also be expanded for large scale applications.

An electrolytic cell includes: a cartridge assembly including: a plurality of bipolar electrode plates spaced apart and guide members formed on both sides of the plurality of bipolar electrode plates; a cell body having: a first side; a second side opposite the first side; an opening that extends through the first and second sides to form a housing that receives the cartridge assembly; a first end having an inlet that allows liquid to enter the housing of the cell body and a second end having an outlet that allows liquid to exit the housing of the cell body; a first terminal cap that connects to the first side of the cell body and which has a cathode plate; and a second terminal cap that connects to the second side of the cell body and which has an anode plate.

A method and an apparatus for retrofit electrolization of seawater for production of halogen biocides in situ. A method for effecting an in situ generation of biocide as an aid in anti-biofouling of a device disposed in a volume of salt water includes a) associating a cathode electrode to the device; b) associating an anode electrode to the device with the anode electrode spaced apart from the cathode electrode; and c) hydrolyzing one or more components in the volume of salt water to generate a halogen biocide at the anode electrode with the biocide flowing from the anode electrode away from the cathode electrode as a biocide film, the film responsive to a physical arrangement of the associations of the electrodes with the device.