A laminate includes a first glass article having a first thickness, a first annealing point, and a first softening point, a second glass article having a second thickness, a second annealing point, and a second softening point, and an interlayer disposed between the first glass article and the second glass article. The first thickness is greater than the second thickness, the second annealing point is less than or equal to the first annealing point, and the second softening point is greater than the first softening point.

A forming apparatus includes a frame, an air grid system, and a forming system; the air grid system includes a plurality of upper air grids and a plurality of lower air grids; the upper air grids are mounted at an upper part of the frame through a lifting mechanism, and the lower air grids are mounted in the forming system at a lower part of the frame; a gradual transition section is arranged at an inlet side of the forming system to enable a glass pane to be gradually arched in a transverse direction, and the gradually arched glass pane is conveyed into the forming system; and the forming system includes two groups of longitudinal forming and arching mechanisms and a plurality of transverse forming and arching mechanisms arranged in a glass pane conveying direction.

A manufacturing process for realizing increased precision in forming elements using computational masks. Some embodiments include a thermal source that may be computationally patterned, and a subsystem coupled to the course, the subsystem comprising an element that may be computationally patterned.

Embodiments of a laminate including a first curved glass substrate comprising a first viscosity (poises) at a temperature of 630 C.; a second curved glass substrate comprising a second viscosity that is greater than the first viscosity at a temperature of 630 C.; and an interlayer disposed between the first curved glass substrate and the second curved glass substrate, are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass substrate exhibits a first sag depth that is within 10% of a second sag depth of the second curved glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate exhibit a shape deviation therebetween of about 5 mm or less as measured by an optical three-dimensional scanner or exhibit minimal optical distortion. Embodiments of vehicles including such laminates and methods for making such laminates are also disclosed.

Embodiments of a laminate including a first curved glass substrate comprising a first viscosity (poises) at a temperature of 630 C.; a second curved glass substrate comprising a second viscosity that is greater than the first viscosity at a temperature of 630 C.; and an interlayer disposed between the first curved glass substrate and the second curved glass substrate, are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the first curved glass substrate exhibits a first sag depth that is within 10% of a second sag depth of the second curved glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate exhibit a shape deviation therebetween of about 5 mm or less as measured by an optical three-dimensional scanner or exhibit minimal optical distortion. Embodiments of vehicles including such laminates and methods for making such laminates are also disclosed.

A method for compensating for warp in a glass article including placing the glass article on a fixture, heating the glass article to a first temperature in a viscoelastic range, cooling the glass article on the fixture to a second temperature, and then removing the glass article from the fixture and cooling the glass article to room temperature. The fixture may include a recess such that when the glass article is heated to the first temperature, the glass article sags into the recess. The fixture may be a flat plate when the glass article is heated to the first temperature, a temperature gradient is formed within the glass article. A method for compensating for warp includes physically removing portions of the glass article that are determined to warp when chemically strengthened.

An automotive laminated glass includes a thermoplastic interlayer film, a curved first glass sheet, and a curved second glass sheet. The thermoplastic interlayer film is disposed between the first and second glass sheets. The first glass sheet is a 0.7- to 3-mm thick non-chemically strengthened glass sheet including a convex-side first main surface and a concave-side second main surface facing the thermoplastic interlayer film. The second glass sheet is an ion-exchanged, 0.3- to 1.5-mm thick chemically strengthened glass sheet including a convex-side third main surface facing the thermoplastic interlayer film and a concave-side fourth main surface. The second glass sheet is thinner than the first glass sheet, and is adjusted to have a curvature equal to the curvature of the first glass sheet. A compressive stress layer on the concave-side fourth main surface is thicker than a compressive stress layer on the convex-side third main surface.

An automotive laminated glass includes a thermoplastic interlayer film, a curved first glass sheet, and a curved second glass sheet. The thermoplastic interlayer film is disposed between the first and second glass sheets. The first glass sheet is a 0.7- to 3-mm thick non-chemically strengthened glass sheet including a convex-side first main surface and a concave-side second main surface facing the thermoplastic interlayer film. The second glass sheet is an ion-exchanged, 0.3- to 1.5-mm thick chemically strengthened glass sheet including a convex-side third main surface facing the thermoplastic interlayer film and a concave-side fourth main surface. The second glass sheet is thinner than the first glass sheet, and is adjusted to have a curvature equal to the curvature of the first glass sheet. A compressive stress layer on the concave-side fourth main surface is thicker than a compressive stress layer on the convex-side third main surface.

A laminated glazing comprising a first ply of glazing material and a second ply of glazing material joined by at least one ply of adhesive interlayer material is disclosed. The first ply of glazing material comprises a sheet of glass having a first composition and the second ply of glazing material comprises a sheet of glass having a second composition different to the first composition. The laminated glazing has (i) a peripheral region extending around the periphery of the laminated glazing, the laminated glazing having a surface compression stress in the peripheral region and (ii) an edge compression, wherein the magnitude of edge compression is greater than the magnitude of the surface compression stress in the peripheral region. A method of making such a laminated is provided. A glass sheet suitable for being incorporated in such a laminated glazing is also disclosed.

A glass plate, curved around a first axis, has a first surface being concave and a second surface being convex. In a cross sectional view of a plane perpendicular to the first axis, both end portions of the second surface are chemically strengthened. Compressive stress produced by ion exchange in the both end portions of the second surface is larger than that of the first surface. An X axis includes a line segment connecting one end point and a point, most distant from the one end point, on the cross section of the second surface. A Y axis passes a center point of the line segment, and positive direction is from a first surface toward a second surface. A second-order coefficient of a quadratic curve that approximates second-order differential values of a locus of a partial shape in a positive Y value region in the cross section is negative.