Optically transparent glass ceramic materials comprising a glass phase containing and a crystalline tungsten bronze phase comprising nanoparticles and having the formula M.sub.xWO.sub.3, where M includes at least one H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cu, Ag, Sn, Cd, In, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and U, and where 0<x<1. Aluminosilicate and zinc-bismuth-borate glasses comprising at least one of Sm.sub.2O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2O.sub.3, and Er.sub.2O.sub.3 are also provided.

There is provided a glass substrate for observing minute substance, made of porous glass and capable of separating and capturing a minute substance with a 10 to 500 nm average particle diameter contained in a solution or a suspension, comprising a porous glass substrate having a plurality of pores, wherein the plurality of pores has an average pore diameter ranging from 30 to 110% of the average particle diameter of the minute substance, each of the plurality of pores has a surface pore diameter on an uppermost surface of the glass substrate, a standard deviation of the surface pore diameter is 60% or less of the average particle diameter of the minute substance, and a pore with a pore diameter ranging from 60 to 140% of a pore diameter at peak top in a pore diameter distribution of the plurality of pores occupies 90% or more of total pore volume.

An antibacterial glass composite, a method of manufacturing antibacterial glass powder using an antibacterial glass composite, and a home appliance including an antibacterial glass composite. The antibacterial glass composition secures antibacterial activity and water resistance at the same time using a content ratio of a modified oxide and a network-forming oxide. As a result, as the antibacterial glass composition, the method for preparing the antibacterial glass power, and the household electrical appliance comprising the antibacterial glass composite use antimicrobial having non-elution characteristics, remarkable effects may be exhibited in preventing bacterial or mold contamination when used as a coating agent on a component element that is in contract with drinking water.

The present disclosure provides a novel glass composition that has a low permittivity and is suitable for mass production. A glass composition provided satisfies, in wt %, for example, 40≤SiO.sub.2≤60, 25≤B.sub.2O.sub.3≤45, 0<Al.sub.2O.sub.3≤18, 0<R.sub.2O≤5, and 0≤RO≤12, and satisfies at least one of: i) SiO.sub.2+B.sub.2O.sub.3≥80 and SiO.sub.2+B.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3≤99.9; and ii) SiO.sub.2+B.sub.2O.sub.3≥78, SiO.sub.2+B.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3≤99.9, and 0<RO<10. Another glass composition provided includes SiO.sub.2, B.sub.2O.sub.3, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, R.sub.2O, and 3<RO<8 at the same contents as the above, and satisfies SiO.sub.2+B.sub.2O.sub.3≥75 and SiO.sub.2+B.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3<97, where R.sub.2O=Li.sub.2O+Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O and RO=MgO+CaO+SrO.

A coated glass or glass ceramic substrate includes a substrate with a surface area and a coating on that surface area. The coating includes a glass matrix and IR-reflecting pigments. The IR-reflecting pigments have a TSR value of at least 20%, as determined according to ASTM G 173. The coating, at a wavelength of 1500 nm, exhibits a remission of at least 35%, as measured according to ISO 13468.

A coated glass or glass ceramic substrate includes a substrate with a surface area and a coating on that surface area. The coating includes a glass matrix and IR-reflecting pigments. The IR-reflecting pigments have a TSR value of at least 20%, as determined according to ASTM G 173. The coating, at a wavelength of 1500 nm, exhibits a remission of at least 35%, as measured according to ISO 13468.

A glass tube element having a hollow cylindrical section with a shell having an outer diameter is provided. A first ratio is a difference value to a mean value. The difference value is a difference of a minimal and maximal value of the outer diameter. The mean value is a mean of the minimal and maximal values. A sub-section having a start, an end, and a distance of 1 meter measured along a straight line from the start to the end and intersecting with a center axis of the sub-section at the start and the end. The sub-section having, for every point of the center axis, a shortest distance to the straight line. A second ratio of a specific distance to 1 meter, the specific distance being defined as a largest of all shortest distances. A product of the first and second ratio is smaller than 4×10.sup.−6.

A glass tube element having a hollow cylindrical section with a shell having an outer diameter is provided. A first ratio is a difference value to a mean value. The difference value is a difference of a minimal and maximal value of the outer diameter. The mean value is a mean of the minimal and maximal values. A sub-section having a start, an end, and a distance of 1 meter measured along a straight line from the start to the end and intersecting with a center axis of the sub-section at the start and the end. The sub-section having, for every point of the center axis, a shortest distance to the straight line. A second ratio of a specific distance to 1 meter, the specific distance being defined as a largest of all shortest distances. A product of the first and second ratio is smaller than 4×10.sup.−6.

A glass-ceramic-ferrite composition containing a glass, a ferrite, and a ceramic filler, in which the glass contains, by weight, about 0.5% to about 5.0% R.sub.2O (R represents at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, and K), about 5.0% or less Al.sub.2O.sub.3, about 10.0% to about 25.0% B.sub.2O.sub.3, and about 70.0% to 85.0% SiO.sub.2 with respect to the total weight of the glass, the percentage by weight of the ferrite is about 10% to 80% with respect to the total weight of the composition, the ceramic filler contains at least forsterite selected from forsterite and quartz, the percentage by weight of the forsterite is about 1% to about 10% with respect to the total weight of the composition, and the percentage by weight of the quartz is about 40% or less with respect to the total weight of the composition.

A glass-ceramic-ferrite composition containing a glass, a ferrite, and a ceramic filler, in which the glass contains, by weight, about 0.5% to about 5.0% R.sub.2O (R represents at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, and K), about 5.0% or less Al.sub.2O.sub.3, about 10.0% to about 25.0% B.sub.2O.sub.3, and about 70.0% to 85.0% SiO.sub.2 with respect to the total weight of the glass, the percentage by weight of the ferrite is about 10% to 80% with respect to the total weight of the composition, the ceramic filler contains at least forsterite selected from forsterite and quartz, the percentage by weight of the forsterite is about 1% to about 10% with respect to the total weight of the composition, and the percentage by weight of the quartz is about 40% or less with respect to the total weight of the composition.