[Problem] To provide glass having a colored layer.

[Solution] Glass having a colored layer.

To provide glass having a high refractive index and a high transmittance. Glass (10) contains at least one component selected from the group consisting of TeO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, WO.sub.3, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5, and Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, where Bi.sub.2O.sub.3 > 11.2% is satisfied, in mole percentage on an oxide basis, in which 3.78 ≤ Nb.sub.2O.sub.5/ (TeO.sub.2 + TiO.sub.2 + WO.sub.3 + Nb.sub.2O.sub.5 + Bi.sub.2O.sub.3) × 100 ≤ 19.2 is satisfied, and a total content of Fe, Cr, and Ni is smaller than 4 ppm by mass.

To provide glass having a high refractive index and a high transmittance. Glass (10) contains at least one component selected from the group consisting of TeO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, WO.sub.3, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5, and Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, where Bi.sub.2O.sub.3 > 11.2% is satisfied, in mole percentage on an oxide basis, in which 3.78 ≤ Nb.sub.2O.sub.5/ (TeO.sub.2 + TiO.sub.2 + WO.sub.3 + Nb.sub.2O.sub.5 + Bi.sub.2O.sub.3) × 100 ≤ 19.2 is satisfied, and a total content of Fe, Cr, and Ni is smaller than 4 ppm by mass.

Glass compositions include phosphorus oxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5), niobia (Nb.sub.2O.sub.5), titania (TiO.sub.2) and bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3) as essential components and may optionally include barium oxide (BaO), calcium oxide (CaO), potassium oxide (K.sub.2O), lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), tungsten oxide (WO.sub.3), boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3) and other components. The glasses may be characterized by high refractive index at 587.56 nm at comparably low density at room temperature.

Glass compositions include phosphorus oxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5), niobia (Nb.sub.2O.sub.5), titania (TiO.sub.2) and bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3) as essential components and may optionally include barium oxide (BaO), calcium oxide (CaO), potassium oxide (K.sub.2O), lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), tungsten oxide (WO.sub.3), boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3) and other components. The glasses may be characterized by high refractive index at 587.56 nm at comparably low density at room temperature.

A decoupled plating system is provided for producing lithium. In a general embodiment, the present disclosure provides a feed tank configured to supply a lithium-rich aqueous electrolyte stream, a plating tank that is configured to receive an organic electrolyte and plate out lithium metal from that organic electrolyte, and one or more lithium replenishment cells configured to receive both electrolytes, keep them separated, and selectively move lithium ions from the aqueous electrolyte into the spent organic electrolyte stream. The present system and process can advantageously reduce operating costs and/or improve energy efficiency in production of lithium metal and associated products.

A decoupled plating system is provided for producing lithium. In a general embodiment, the present disclosure provides a feed tank configured to supply a lithium-rich aqueous electrolyte stream, a plating tank that is configured to receive an organic electrolyte and plate out lithium metal from that organic electrolyte, and one or more lithium replenishment cells configured to receive both electrolytes, keep them separated, and selectively move lithium ions from the aqueous electrolyte into the spent organic electrolyte stream. The present system and process can advantageously reduce operating costs and/or improve energy efficiency in production of lithium metal and associated products.

A method includes depositing a glass frit on sidewalls of a plurality of cavities of a shaped article formed from a glass material, a glass ceramic material, or a combination thereof. The glass frit is heated to a firing temperature above a glass transition temperature of the glass frit to sinter the glass frit into a glaze disposed on the sidewalls of the plurality of cavities.

A method includes depositing a glass frit on sidewalls of a plurality of cavities of a shaped article formed from a glass material, a glass ceramic material, or a combination thereof. The glass frit is heated to a firing temperature above a glass transition temperature of the glass frit to sinter the glass frit into a glaze disposed on the sidewalls of the plurality of cavities.

The disclosure relates to a method for producing a solid-state lithium ion conductor material in which the use of water and/or steam is a medium when the obtained intermediate product is cooled or quenched and, if needed, comminution of the intermediate product and/or carrying out of a cooling process with the production of a powder in one comminution step or in a plurality of comminution steps leads or lead to especially advantageous production products. The subject of the disclosure is also the solid-state lithium ion conductor material that has an ion conductivity of at least 10.sup.−5 S/cm at room temperature as well as a water content of <1.0 wt %. The disclosure further relates to the use of the solid-state lithium ion conductor material in the form of a powder in batteries or rechargeable batteries, preferably lithium batteries or rechargeable lithium batteries, in particular, separators, cathodes, anodes, or solid-state electrolytes.