The invention aims to provide a novel compound to be suitably used for antifouling agents. The compound of the invention is represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 is a monovalent organic group containing a polyether chain; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each individually a monovalent group; and the polyether chain is a chain represented by the following formula: (OC.sub.6F.sub.12).sub.m11(OC.sub.5F.sub.10).sub.m12(OC.sub.4F.sub.8).sub.m13(OC.sub.3X.sup.10.sub.6).sub.m14(OC.sub.2F.sub.4).sub.m15(OCF.sub.2).sub.m16, wherein m11, m12, m13, m14, m15, and m16 are each individually an integer of 0 or 1 or greater; X.sup.10s are each individually H, F, or Cl; and the repeating units are present in any order.

A metal oxide film includes indium, , ( is Al, Ga, Y, or Sn), and zinc and includes a region where a peak having a diffraction intensity derived from a crystal structure is observed by X-ray diffraction in the direction perpendicular to the film surface. Moreover, a plurality of crystal parts is observed in a transmission electron microscope image in the direction perpendicular to the film surface. The proportion of a region other than the crystal parts is higher than or equal to 20% and lower than or equal to 60%.

A cooking apparatus includes a main body, and a cooking plate mounted on an upper surface of the main body to cook a cooking material. The cooking plate includes a base material, a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating layer formed on an upper surface of the base material, to contact a cooking container when the cooking container is placed on the cooking plate, and an adhesive layer interposed between the base material and the DLC coating layer, and including at least one of Si and SiOx.

A proposed fabrication technique for a polarization-absorbing wire grid polarizer avoids the need to etch through the multilayer stack of materials to form the grid structure. Initial reflective metal and dielectric buffer layers are patterned and etched in a conventional manner to create the desired grid topology. A small-angle coating process is then used to complete the fabrication process by first coating the top surface of the patterned dielectric with a polarization-absorbing metal. A second coating process is used to cover the created metal coating with a dielectric cladding material. Maintaining a small angle of incidence between the coating source and the wire grid structure ensures that top portions of the grid are suitably covered to create the desired multilayer wire configuration.

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a window-glass having a print pattern for a smartphone camera, and has an object of enabling various patterns such as rings, dots, curves, and designs to be implemented within the printable extent on a window-glass for a camera. That is, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a window-glass for a smartphone camera, comprising a cell-cutting line fabrication process for forming cell-cutting lines on a glass disk for cell separation, a sheet cutting process for cutting the glass disk into units of sheets consisting of a large number of glass cells by a laser, a sheet tempering process for increasing a surface stress of a glass sheet by potassium nitrate and allowing the cell-cutting lines to be clearly formed, a print pattern formation process for forming a pattern on the window-glass through printing, an AR deposition process for forming an AR deposition layer to increase transmittance and reduce reflectance in a rear transmission area of each glass cell, an AF deposition process for forming an AF deposition layer on a front portion of each glass cell to prevent fingerprint and foreign matter contamination, and a cell separation process for separating cells along the cell-cutting lines by pushing the glass cells in units of sheets up or down. Therefore, the present invention has an effect of enabling various patterns such as rings, dots, curves, and designs to be implemented within the printable extent on a window-glass for a camera.

A wavelength-converting element includes a substrate and a wavelength-converting layer. The wavelength-converting layer is disposed on the substrate. The wavelength-converting layer includes a first inorganic binder and a wavelength-converting material. The wavelength-converting material is mixed with the first inorganic binder. The first inorganic binder includes a first alcohol-soluble inorganic binder or a first water-soluble inorganic binder. A projection apparatus using the wavelength-converting element and a manufacturing method of the wavelength-converting element are also provided.

The invention aims to provide a substrate whose water-repellency is less likely to be deteriorated even after long-term use in an ultraviolet-exposure environment. The substrate of the invention includes a surface-treating layer, and exhibits a static contact angle with water of 100 degrees or greater after a 400-hour accelerated weathering test performed under the following conditions: <conditions of accelerated weathering test> preparing a UVB-313 lamp exhibiting an irradiance of 0.63 W/m.sup.2 at a wavelength of 310 nm; placing the surface-treating layer of the substrate apart from the lamp by 5 cm; and after every 24-hour irradiation, wiping the surface-treating layer with a cloth impregnated with water and with a cloth impregnated with ethanol, followed by drying.

An antifouling article including a base material, a diamond-like carbon layer and an antifouling coating layer formed of a surface-treating agent on the diamond-like carbon layer. The surface-treating agent includes a group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, a group having a carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond, or a leaving group.

Described herein are apparatuses and methods for holding a substrate in a position that minimizes particle contamination of the substrate when the substrate is being coated. Along with the apparatus, processes for reducing particle reduction on substrates are provided. The articles and processes described herein are useful in making coated glass substrates, such as used in electrochromic, photochromic, or photovoltaic technologies.

Described herein is coated article comprising: (a) a substrate comprising a ceramic, a glass, or a glass ceramic, wherein the substrate comprises a surface, the surface comprising a continuous upper portion and a plurality of lower portions, wherein each lower portion is connected to the upper portion by at least one sidewall; and (b) a first layer comprising a material capable of physical vapor deposition, wherein the first layer is disposed on the continuous upper portion and at least a portion of each sidewall and wherein at least a portion of each lower portion is free of the first layer. Methods of making such coated articles are described herein, wherein the substrate is coating via angular physical vapor deposition.