The cubic boron nitride sintered material comprises 30% by volume or more and 80% by volume or less of cubic boron nitride grains and 20% by volume or more and 70% by volume or less of a binder phase, the cubic boron nitride grains having a dislocation density of 1×10.sup.15/m.sup.2 or more and 1×10.sup.17/m.sup.2 or less.

The disclosure provides seals for devices that operate at elevated temperatures and have reactive metal vapors, such as lithium, sodium or magnesium. In some examples, such devices include energy storage devices that may be used within an electrical power grid or as part of a standalone system. The energy storage devices may be charged from an electricity production source for later discharge, such as when there is a demand for electrical energy consumption.

A ceramic structural body includes a substrate that is composed of a ceramic(s), a hole that is opened on a surface of the substrate, and a seal material that is positioned at an opening portion of the hole.

A metal-on-ceramic substrate comprises a ceramic layer, a first metal layer, and a bonding layer joining the ceramic layer to the first metal layer. The bonding layer includes thermoplastic polyimide adhesive that contains thermally conductive particles. This permits the substrate to withstand most common die attach operations, reduces residual stress in the substrate, and simplifies manufacturing processes.

A brazing process using Nickel(Ni)-Carbon as graphite(Cg) alloys, Ni-Cg-Molybdenum(Mo) alloys, and Ni-Cobalt(Co)-Cg-Mo alloys for brazing together ceramics, ceramics to metals, metals to metals. Semiconductor processing equipment made with the use of Ni-Cg alloys, such as heaters and chucks. Semiconductor processing equipment components and industrial equipment components using a highly wear resistant surface layer, such as sapphire, joined to a substrate such as a ceramic, with a Ni-Cg alloy braze.

The disclosure provides seals for devices that operate at elevated temperatures and have reactive metal vapors, such as lithium, sodium or magnesium. In some examples, such devices include energy storage devices that may be used within an electrical power grid or as part of a standalone system. The energy storage devices may be charged from an electricity production source for later discharge, such as when there is a demand for electrical energy consumption.

The present invention provides a metal-ceramic base material and the like which allow a ceramic base material and a desired metal material to be easily joined. A metal-ceramic base material (30) to be joined to a metal material (40), includes: a ceramic base material (20); and a metal film (25) provided on the ceramic base material (20), the metal film (25) being formed by thermal spray of a mixed powder material containing aluminum, alumina, and nickel, at least part of the nickel being exposed on a surface of the metal film (25).

A light generator comprises a light conversion device and a light source arranged to apply a light beam to the light conversion element. The light conversion device includes an optoceramic or other solid phosphor element comprising one or more phosphors embedded in a ceramic, glass, or other host, a metal heat sink, and a solder bond attaching the optoceramic phosphor element to the metal heat sink. The optoceramic phosphor element does not undergo cracking in response to the light source applying a light beam of beam energy effective to heat the optoceramic phosphor element to the phosphor quenching point.

A ceramic material is provided by deliberately choosing the additions of oxides to form zirconium oxide, in particular for the use of a layer system which has a high resistance to sintering, high expansion tolerance and low thermal conductivity.

A light generator comprises a light conversion device and a light source arranged to apply a light beam to the light conversion element. The light conversion device includes an optoceramic or other solid phosphor element comprising one or more phosphors embedded in a ceramic, glass, or other host, a metal heat sink, and a solder bond attaching the optoceramic phosphor element to the metal heat sink. The optoceramic phosphor element does not undergo cracking in response to the light source applying a light beam of beam energy effective to heat the optoceramic phosphor element to the phosphor quenching point.