A mononuclear iron bivalent complex having iron-silicon bonds, which is represented by formula (1), can exhibit an excellent catalytic activity in at least one reaction selected from three reactions, i.e., a hydrosilylation reaction, a hydrogenation reaction and a reaction for reducing a carbonyl compound. ##STR00001## (In the formula, R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may be substituted by X, or the like; X represents a halogen atom, or the like; L.sup.1 represents at least one two-electron ligand selected from an isonitrile ligand, an amine ligand, an imine ligand, a nitrogenated heterocyclic ring, a phosphine ligand, a phosphite ligand and a sulfide ligand, wherein, when multiple L.sup.1's are present, two L.sup.1's may be bonded to each other; L.sup.2 represents a two-electron ligand that is different from a CO ligand or the above-mentioned L.sup.1, wherein, when multiple L.sup.2's are present, two L.sup.2's may be bonded to each other; and m.sup.1 represents an integer of 1 to 4 and m.sup.2 represents an integer of 0 to 3, wherein the sum total of m.sup.1 and m.sup.2 (i.e., m.sup.1+m.sup.2) satisfies 3 or 4.)

A mononuclear iron bivalent complex having iron-silicon bonds, which is represented by formula (1), can exhibit an excellent catalytic activity in at least one reaction selected from three reactions, i.e., a hydrosilylation reaction, a hydrogenation reaction and a reaction for reducing a carbonyl compound. ##STR00001## (In the formula, R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may be substituted by X, or the like; X represents a halogen atom, or the like; L.sup.1 represents at least one two-electron ligand selected from an isonitrile ligand, an amine ligand, an imine ligand, a nitrogenated heterocyclic ring, a phosphine ligand, a phosphite ligand and a sulfide ligand, wherein, when multiple L.sup.1's are present, two L.sup.1's may be bonded to each other; L.sup.2 represents a two-electron ligand that is different from a CO ligand or the above-mentioned L.sup.1, wherein, when multiple L.sup.2's are present, two L.sup.2's may be bonded to each other; and m.sup.1 represents an integer of 1 to 4 and m.sup.2 represents an integer of 0 to 3, wherein the sum total of m.sup.1 and m.sup.2 (i.e., m.sup.1+m.sup.2) satisfies 3 or 4.)

A mononuclear iron bivalent complex having iron-silicon bonds, which is represented by formula (1), can exhibit an excellent catalytic activity in at least one reaction selected from three reactions, i.e., a hydrosilylation reaction, a hydrogenation reaction and a reaction for reducing a carbonyl compound. ##STR00001## (In the formula, R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may be substituted by X, or the like; X represents a halogen atom, or the like; L.sup.1 represents at least one two-electron ligand selected from an isonitrile ligand, an amine ligand, an imine ligand, a nitrogenated heterocyclic ring, a phosphine ligand, a phosphite ligand and a sulfide ligand, wherein, when multiple L.sup.1's are present, two L.sup.1's may be bonded to each other; L.sup.2 represents a two-electron ligand that is different from a CO ligand or the above-mentioned L.sup.1, wherein, when multiple L.sup.2's are present, two L.sup.2's may be bonded to each other; and m.sup.1 represents an integer of 1 to 4 and m.sup.2 represents an integer of 0 to 3, wherein the sum total of m.sup.1 and m.sup.2 (i.e., m.sup.1+m.sup.2) satisfies 3 or 4.)

Methods and systems for recovering dicyclopentadiene from pygas are provided. Methods can include heating pygas to generated heated pygas, recovering a C.sub.5 fraction from the heated pygas, and dimerizing cyclopentadiene from the C.sub.5 fraction to form dicyclopentadiene. Methods can further include recovering the C.sub.5 fraction from the pygas in a depentanizer column. Other methods can include heating pygas including dicyclopentadiene to form cyclopentadiene and hydrogenating cyclopentadiene in the pygas to form cyclopentane.

Methods and systems for recovering dicyclopentadiene from pygas are provided. Methods can include heating pygas to generated heated pygas, recovering a C.sub.5 fraction from the heated pygas, and dimerizing cyclopentadiene from the C.sub.5 fraction to form dicyclopentadiene. Methods can further include recovering the C.sub.5 fraction from the pygas in a depentanizer column. Other methods can include heating pygas including dicyclopentadiene to form cyclopentadiene and hydrogenating cyclopentadiene in the pygas to form cyclopentane.

Disclosed is a process for the conversion of acyclic C.sub.5 feedstock to a product comprising cyclic C.sub.5 compounds, such as for example, cyclopentadiene, and catalyst compositions for use in such process. The process comprising the steps of contacting said feedstock and, optionally, hydrogen under acyclic C.sub.5 conversion conditions in the presence of a catalyst composition to form said product. The catalyst composition comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate having a constraint index of less than or equal to 5, and a Group 10 metal, and, optionally, a Group 11 metal, in combination with a Group 1 alkali metal and/or a Group 2 alkaline earth metal.

Disclosed is a process for the conversion of acyclic C.sub.5 feedstock to a product comprising cyclic C.sub.5 compounds, such as for example, cyclopentadiene, and catalyst compositions for use in such process. The process comprising the steps of contacting said feedstock and, optionally, hydrogen under acyclic C.sub.5 conversion conditions in the presence of a catalyst composition to form said product. The catalyst composition comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate having a constraint index of less than or equal to 5, and a Group 10 metal, and, optionally, a Group 11 metal, in combination with a Group 1 alkali metal and/or a Group 2 alkaline earth metal.

Perovskite compounds that catalyze hydrogenolysis (e.g., hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodenitrogenation, and/or hydrodesulfurization) of heteroatom-containing compounds, as well as associated systems and methods, are generally described. In some embodiments, methods are provided for contacting a perovskite compound with a heteroatom-containing compound (e.g., a compound comprising oxygen, nitrogen, and/or sulfur) in the presence of hydrogen gas (H.sub.2) such that the perovskite compound catalyzes hydrogenolysis of the heteratom-containing compound to produce one or more hydrocarbon products (e.g., one or more aromatic hydrocarbons and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons). According to certain embodiments, the perovskite compound has the formula A.sub.1xB.sub.xDO.sub.3, where A comprises a lanthanide, B comprises an alkaline earth metal, D comprises a transition metal, and x is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. Compounds, systems, and methods described herein may be useful for applications involving petroleum (e.g., crude oil) and/or biofuels.

Perovskite compounds that catalyze hydrogenolysis (e.g., hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodenitrogenation, and/or hydrodesulfurization) of heteroatom-containing compounds, as well as associated systems and methods, are generally described. In some embodiments, methods are provided for contacting a perovskite compound with a heteroatom-containing compound (e.g., a compound comprising oxygen, nitrogen, and/or sulfur) in the presence of hydrogen gas (H.sub.2) such that the perovskite compound catalyzes hydrogenolysis of the heteratom-containing compound to produce one or more hydrocarbon products (e.g., one or more aromatic hydrocarbons and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons). According to certain embodiments, the perovskite compound has the formula A.sub.1xB.sub.xDO.sub.3, where A comprises a lanthanide, B comprises an alkaline earth metal, D comprises a transition metal, and x is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. Compounds, systems, and methods described herein may be useful for applications involving petroleum (e.g., crude oil) and/or biofuels.

Disclosed are processes for regenerating catalysts comprising at least one Group 10 metal and a microporous crystalline aluminosilicate having a having a molar ratio of Group 10 metal to Al of greater than or equal to about 0.007:1, and hydrocarbon conversion processes including such regeneration processes. In an aspect, the regeneration processes comprise an oxychlorination step comprising contacting the catalyst with a first gaseous stream comprising a chlorine source and an oxygen source under conditions effective for dispersing at least a portion of the at least one Group 10 metal on the surface of the catalyst and for producing a first Group 10 metal chlorohydrate. The processes further comprise a chlorine stripping step comprising contacting the catalyst with a second gaseous stream comprising an oxygen source, and optionally a chlorine source, under conditions effective for increasing the O/Cl ratio of the first Group 10 metal chlorohydrate to produce a second Group 10 metal chlorohydrate.