The present invention provides highly efficient processes for the preparation of chlorinated alkanes. The processes comprise contacting an alkene, halogenated alkene, or combinations thereof, a halogenated methane comprising at least one chlorine atom, at least one solid metallic catalyst, and a ligand forming a reaction mixture in a reactor. The product mixture does not contain a phase transfer catalyst. After a product mixture is formed, various fractions, distillation streams, and effluent streams are separated and/or treated with an aqueous alkaline substance. This treatment removes at least a portion of the metal and through recycling of the heavy fraction, treated product mixture, or combinations thereof, allows for the kinetics of the process to be maintained or increased.

The present invention provides a composition comprising an HFO compound, the composition having excellent stability with decomposition and oxidation of the HFO compound being inhibited, the composition having improved refrigerating capacity when used as a heat transfer medium, compared with the case in which an HFO compound is used alone. More specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising at least one HFO compound selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234yf, (E-/Z-)HFO-1234ze, and (E-/Z-)HFO-1225ye; and a chlorine-containing compound, wherein (1) the chlorine-containing compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2CHCl, CHFCHCl, CH.sub.2CFCl, CF.sub.3Cl, CH.sub.3Cl, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2Cl, CClFCHCl, and CHFCCl.sub.2, and (2) the chlorine-containing compound is contained in an amount ranging from 1 to 500000 mass ppm.

The present invention provides a composition comprising an HFO compound, the composition having excellent stability with decomposition and oxidation of the HFO compound being inhibited, the composition having improved refrigerating capacity when used as a heat transfer medium, compared with the case in which an HFO compound is used alone. More specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising at least one HFO compound selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234yf, (E-/Z-)HFO-1234ze, and (E-/Z-)HFO-1225ye; and a chlorine-containing compound, wherein (1) the chlorine-containing compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2CHCl, CHFCHCl, CH.sub.2CFCl, CF.sub.3Cl, CH.sub.3Cl, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2Cl, CClFCHCl, and CHFCCl.sub.2, and (2) the chlorine-containing compound is contained in an amount ranging from 1 to 500000 mass ppm.

A catalyst for preparing chloroethylene by cracking 1,2-dichloroethane and a preparation and regeneration method thereof are disclosed in the present application. A catalyst for preparing chloroethylene by cracking 1,2-dichloroethane includes a carrier and a nitrogen-containing carbon as an active component of the catalyst with the nitrogen-containing carbon being loaded on the carrier. The method for preparing the catalyst includes: supporting an organic matter on an inorganic porous carrier and then performing a carbonization-nitridation process by pyrolysis in an atmosphere containing the nitrogen-containing compound. The method for regenerating the catalyst includes: calcinating the catalyst with deactivated carbon deposit in an oxidizing atmosphere to remove all the carbonaceous portions on the surface, and repeating the above preparation process of the catalyst. The catalyst reduces reaction temperature, reduces energy consumption, reduces production cost, and improves selectivity and conversion rate and is inexpensive and reproducible, and has a long service life.

A catalyst for preparing chloroethylene by cracking 1,2-dichloroethane and a preparation and regeneration method thereof are disclosed in the present application. A catalyst for preparing chloroethylene by cracking 1,2-dichloroethane includes a carrier and a nitrogen-containing carbon as an active component of the catalyst with the nitrogen-containing carbon being loaded on the carrier. The method for preparing the catalyst includes: supporting an organic matter on an inorganic porous carrier and then performing a carbonization-nitridation process by pyrolysis in an atmosphere containing the nitrogen-containing compound. The method for regenerating the catalyst includes: calcinating the catalyst with deactivated carbon deposit in an oxidizing atmosphere to remove all the carbonaceous portions on the surface, and repeating the above preparation process of the catalyst. The catalyst reduces reaction temperature, reduces energy consumption, reduces production cost, and improves selectivity and conversion rate and is inexpensive and reproducible, and has a long service life.

A process for the production of vinyl chloride comprises the step of passing a feed stream comprising ethylene dichloride (EDC) over a catalyst system comprising a dehydrochlorination catalyst and a hydrochlorination catalyst at a temperature, which may be in the range 150-350 C., sufficient to effect dehydrochlorination of the ethylene dichloride to produce vinyl chloride.

A process for the production of vinyl chloride comprises the step of passing a feed stream comprising ethylene dichloride (EDC) over a catalyst system comprising a dehydrochlorination catalyst and a hydrochlorination catalyst at a temperature, which may be in the range 150-350 C., sufficient to effect dehydrochlorination of the ethylene dichloride to produce vinyl chloride.

Provided are processes for preparing alpha, beta-unsaturated functional compounds using four major reaction steps: 1) air oxidation of an iso-paraffin to a mixture of alkyl hydroperoxide and alcohol; 2) converting the alkyl hydroperoxide and alcohol to dialkyl peroxide; 3) oxidative cross-coupling between a primary or secondary alcohol and a compound comprising at least one R3CH2- (R3=hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl) moiety to afford a coupled product using the dialkyl peroxide as a radical initiator, while the dialkyl peroxide is converted to a tertiary alcohol; 4) dehydration of the coupled product to yield an alpha, beta-unsaturated functional compound.

Provided are processes for preparing alpha, beta-unsaturated functional compounds using four major reaction steps: 1) air oxidation of an iso-paraffin to a mixture of alkyl hydroperoxide and alcohol; 2) converting the alkyl hydroperoxide and alcohol to dialkyl peroxide; 3) oxidative cross-coupling between a primary or secondary alcohol and a compound comprising at least one R3CH2- (R3=hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl) moiety to afford a coupled product using the dialkyl peroxide as a radical initiator, while the dialkyl peroxide is converted to a tertiary alcohol; 4) dehydration of the coupled product to yield an alpha, beta-unsaturated functional compound.

The present invention provides a composition comprising an HFO compound, the composition having excellent stability with decomposition and oxidation of the HFO compound being inhibited, the composition having improved refrigerating capacity when used as a heat transfer medium, compared with the case in which an HFO compound is used alone. More specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising at least one HFO compound selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234yf, (E-/Z-)HFO-1234ze, and (E-/Z-)HFO-1225ye; and a chlorine-containing compound, wherein (1) the chlorine-containing compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2CHCl, CHFCHCl, CH.sub.2CFCl, CF.sub.3Cl, CH.sub.3Cl, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2Cl, CClFCHCl, and CHFCCl.sub.2, and (2) the chlorine-containing compound is contained in an amount ranging from 1 to 500000 mass ppm.