Fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are provided. The fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials include a silica material having the fluorinated cyclopentene moiety covalently bonded thereto. Exemplary silica materials include a polysilsesquioxane, a nanosilica, a microsilica, a silica gel, a silica aerogel, or combinations thereof. The fluorinated cyclopentene moieties are based on a modification of perfluorocyclopentene (i.e., 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-cyclopentene) by nucleophilic substitution with an appropriate nucleophile having a reactive functional group. Methods for preparing fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and the corresponding fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are also provided.

This disclosure relates generally to fluorinated ether compounds and the synthesis thereof. More particularly, this disclosure relates to fluorinated ether based thermal management fluids suitable for use managing heat in battery systems through direct cooling, such as lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles, electric motors, and power electronics, methods of using such thermal management fluids, and systems including such thermal management systems.

This disclosure relates generally to fluorinated ether compounds and the synthesis thereof. More particularly, this disclosure relates to fluorinated ether based thermal management fluids suitable for use managing heat in battery systems through direct cooling, such as lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles, electric motors, and power electronics, methods of using such thermal management fluids, and systems including such thermal management systems.

A liquid crystal composition includes one or more compounds represented by Chemical Formula 1. ##STR00001## In Chemical Formula 1, ##STR00002##
are a cyclohexane or tetrahydropyran, and R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, a C1 to C8 alkyl group, a C2 to C8 alkenyl group, or a C1 to C8 alkoxy group.

A liquid crystal composition includes one or more compounds represented by Chemical Formula 1. ##STR00001## In Chemical Formula 1, ##STR00002##
are a cyclohexane or tetrahydropyran, and R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, a C1 to C8 alkyl group, a C2 to C8 alkenyl group, or a C1 to C8 alkoxy group.

The invention provides a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one of physical properties such as a high stability to heat or light, a high clearing point (or a high maximum temperature), a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a small dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and a good compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition including this compound, and a liquid crystal display device containing this composition. The invention provides a compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons or the like; one of L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 is both hydrogens, and the other is both fluorines; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are independently a single bond, COO, OCO, OCH.sub.2, CH.sub.2O, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2, CHCH, CC or the like.

The invention provides a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one of physical properties such as a high stability to heat or light, a high clearing point (or a high maximum temperature), a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a small dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and a good compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition including this compound, and a liquid crystal display device containing this composition. The invention provides a compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons or the like; one of L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 is both hydrogens, and the other is both fluorines; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are independently a single bond, COO, OCO, OCH.sub.2, CH.sub.2O, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2, CHCH, CC or the like.

A liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display, the composition including a liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below: ##STR00001##

A liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display, the composition including a liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below: ##STR00001##

Fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are provided. The fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials include a silica material having the fluorinated cyclopentene moiety covalently bonded thereto. Exemplary silica materials include a polysilsesquioxane, a nanosilica, a microsilica, a silica gel, a silica aerogel, or combinations thereof. The fluorinated cyclopentene moieties are based on a modification of perfluorocyclopentene (i.e., 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-cyclopentene) by nucleophilic substitution with an appropriate nucleophile having a reactive functional group. Methods for preparing fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and the corresponding fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are also provided.