Fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are provided. The fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials include a silica material having the fluorinated cyclopentene moiety covalently bonded thereto. Exemplary silica materials include a polysilsesquioxane, a nanosilica, a microsilica, a silica gel, a silica aerogel, or combinations thereof. The fluorinated cyclopentene moieties are based on a modification of perfluorocyclopentene (i.e., 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-cyclopentene) by nucleophilic substitution with an appropriate nucleophile having a reactive functional group. Methods for preparing fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and the corresponding fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are also provided.

The present application provides, among other things, compounds and methods for metathesis reactions. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and/or stereoselectivity. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and Z-selectivity. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and E-selectivity. In some embodiments, provided technologies are particularly useful for preparing alkenyl fluorides. In some embodiments, a provided compound useful for metathesis reactions has the structure of formula II-a. In some embodiments, a provided compound useful for metathesis reactions has the structure of formula II-b.

The present application provides, among other things, compounds and methods for metathesis reactions. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and/or stereoselectivity. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and Z-selectivity. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and E-selectivity. In some embodiments, provided technologies are particularly useful for preparing alkenyl fluorides. In some embodiments, a provided compound useful for metathesis reactions has the structure of formula II-a. In some embodiments, a provided compound useful for metathesis reactions has the structure of formula II-b.

The present application provides, among other things, compounds and methods for metathesis reactions. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and/or stereoselectivity. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and Z-selectivity. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for preparing alkenyl halide with regioselectivity and E-selectivity. In some embodiments, provided technologies are particularly useful for preparing alkenyl fluorides. In some embodiments, a provided compound useful for metathesis reactions has the structure of formula II-a. In some embodiments, a provided compound useful for metathesis reactions has the structure of formula II-b.

A heat transfer composition for transferring heat and/or energy to and/or from an article, device or fluid, wherein the heat transfer composition comprises, consists essentially of or consists of a compound according to Formula I or Formula II or Formula III:

##STR00001## where each R and each R is independently selected from H, F, Cl, R1, and OR1, each R1 is independently: a C1 to C3 alkane that is unsubstituted or substituted with F and/or Cl; or C1 to C3 alkene that is unsubstituted or substituted with F and/or Cl; or Bz, where Bz is an unsubstituted benzene ring, and provided that the molecule has at least three F substituents bonded to a carbon in the cyclobutene ring.

A heat transfer composition for transferring heat and/or energy to and/or from an article, device or fluid, wherein the heat transfer composition comprises, consists essentially of or consists of a compound according to Formula I or Formula II or Formula III:

##STR00001## where each R and each R is independently selected from H, F, Cl, R1, and OR1, each R1 is independently: a C1 to C3 alkane that is unsubstituted or substituted with F and/or Cl; or C1 to C3 alkene that is unsubstituted or substituted with F and/or Cl; or Bz, where Bz is an unsubstituted benzene ring, and provided that the molecule has at least three F substituents bonded to a carbon in the cyclobutene ring.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing CNS disorders containing a carbamate derivative compound and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for treatment or prevention CNS disorders comprising administering a carbamate derivative compound in a pharmaceutically effective amount to a subject in need of treatment or prevention of CNS disorders.

A liquid crystal compound represented by

##STR00001##

R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, alkyl or the like; ring A.sup.1 and ring A.sup.3 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene or the like; and A.sup.2 is a divalent group represented by formula (A-1) or formula (A-2)

##STR00002##

Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3, Z.sup.4 and Z.sup.5 are independently a single bond, COO or the like; and a to d is 0, 1 or the like.

A liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display, the composition including a liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below:

##STR00001##

A liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display, the composition including a liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below:

##STR00001##