Methods of hydromethylation of alkenes and ketones, including methods that use Tebbe's reagent. The methods may include contacting Cp.sub.2Ti(μ-Cl)(μ-CH.sub.2)AlMe.sub.2 and an alkene or a ketone to produce an intermediate product that may include a titanacyclobutane. The intermediate product may be contacted with an acid to produce a methylated product.

Methods of hydromethylation of alkenes and ketones, including methods that use Tebbe's reagent. The methods may include contacting Cp.sub.2Ti(μ-Cl)(μ-CH.sub.2)AlMe.sub.2 and an alkene or a ketone to produce an intermediate product that may include a titanacyclobutane. The intermediate product may be contacted with an acid to produce a methylated product.

The present invention relates to a hardmask composition including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a solvent, a hardmask layer including a cured product of the hardmask composition, and a pattern forming method using the hardmask composition.

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In Chemical Formula 1, the definitions of A, R.sup.1 to R.sup.5, and n are as described in the specification.

The present disclosure relates to cannabigerol sulfonate esters and processes for their use to prepare cannabigerol (CBG) and related compounds, including cannabigerobutol (CBGB), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), and cannabigerophorbol (CBGP). In a preferred embodiment, the cannabigerol sulfonate ester is (E)-4-(3, 7-5 dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)phenylromethanesulfonate. In a preferred process, the trifluoromethansulfonate leaving group is replaced by an alkyl group. The disclosure also relates to the use of catalysts and catalytic processes for the preparation of cannabigerol and related compounds from the cannabigerol sulfonate esters.

The present disclosure relates to cannabigerol sulfonate esters and processes for their use to prepare cannabigerol (CBG) and related compounds, including cannabigerobutol (CBGB), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), and cannabigerophorbol (CBGP). In a preferred embodiment, the cannabigerol sulfonate ester is (E)-4-(3, 7-5 dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)phenylromethanesulfonate. In a preferred process, the trifluoromethansulfonate leaving group is replaced by an alkyl group. The disclosure also relates to the use of catalysts and catalytic processes for the preparation of cannabigerol and related compounds from the cannabigerol sulfonate esters.

The present invention relates to a method for the stereoselective preparation of apiose derivatives from allylic alcohol compounds and allene compounds using catalytic asymmetric synthesis. The method for the stereoselective preparation of apiose derivatives of the present invention is based on the catalytic asymmetric synthesis from allylic alcohol compounds and allene compounds in the presence of a metal catalyst, so that apiose derivatives can be produced stereoselectively, with high yield, with high optical purity regardless of the types of substituents of the compounds. The method of the invention can also be used for the preparation of oligosaccharides including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides or various compounds including apiose derivatives because the method can minimize the production of by-products without using an activating group, unlike the conventional method for the preparation of adipose derivatives.

The present invention relates to a method for the stereoselective preparation of apiose derivatives from allylic alcohol compounds and allene compounds using catalytic asymmetric synthesis. The method for the stereoselective preparation of apiose derivatives of the present invention is based on the catalytic asymmetric synthesis from allylic alcohol compounds and allene compounds in the presence of a metal catalyst, so that apiose derivatives can be produced stereoselectively, with high yield, with high optical purity regardless of the types of substituents of the compounds. The method of the invention can also be used for the preparation of oligosaccharides including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides or various compounds including apiose derivatives because the method can minimize the production of by-products without using an activating group, unlike the conventional method for the preparation of adipose derivatives.

A series of new macrocycles and cage-like molecules are obtained in a high yield from a bis-(2,4-dialkoxyphenyl)arene (naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, porphyrin, etc.) or a tris-(2,4-dialkoxyphenyl)arene (benzene, sym-tribenzobenzene) and paraformaldehyde under the catalysis of a Lewis acid. In addition, perhydroxybiphenylarenes (tetrabiphenyl trimer, naphthalene dimer, etc.) can be obtained by means of demethylation, and a variety of water-soluble derivatives can be obtained by further modification, with same exhibiting a good bond ability for guest molecules (purpurine, etc.). Moreover, the functional group introduced into the backbone enables the macrocycle to have excellent adsorption and separation capabilities and a photophysical property. The macrocyclic and cage-like molecules have commercially available raw materials, are simple to synthesize, have a high yield, and are convenient to modify, such that same have wide application prospects in gas adsorption and separation, facilitate performance improvement of luminescent materials, perform adsorption of water-soluble toxic substances, etc.

Methods of producing substituted and non-substituted beta-methyl styrene by a cross-coupling reaction are provided. The disclosure also provides for methods of preparing (E)-Anethol and related compounds by a cross coupling reaction of potassium allyltrifluoroborate and 4-bromoanisole and aryl halides. Compounds, compositions, and methods of treating disorders utilizing beta-methyl styrene are also provided.

Methods of producing substituted and non-substituted beta-methyl styrene by a cross-coupling reaction are provided. The disclosure also provides for methods of preparing (E)-Anethol and related compounds by a cross coupling reaction of potassium allyltrifluoroborate and 4-bromoanisole and aryl halides. Compounds, compositions, and methods of treating disorders utilizing beta-methyl styrene are also provided.