A liquid crystal composition that has a positive dielectric anisotropy and a sufficiently low viscosity and that causes no display defects when used in liquid crystal display devices is provided without decreasing or increasing the refractive index anisotropy or nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature. This liquid crystal composition contains at least one compound selected from compounds represented by general formula (LC0) and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formulas (LC1) to (LC5). This liquid crystal composition can be used to provide a reliable liquid crystal display device capable of maintaining a high voltage-holding ratio at high temperatures. This liquid crystal display device is highly practical as a liquid crystal display and is effective in achieving quick response without significantly decreasing the cell gap.

A liquid crystal composition that has a positive dielectric anisotropy and a sufficiently low viscosity and that causes no display defects when used in liquid crystal display devices is provided without decreasing or increasing the refractive index anisotropy or nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature. This liquid crystal composition contains at least one compound selected from compounds represented by general formula (LC0) and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formulas (LC1) to (LC5). This liquid crystal composition can be used to provide a reliable liquid crystal display device capable of maintaining a high voltage-holding ratio at high temperatures. This liquid crystal display device is highly practical as a liquid crystal display and is effective in achieving quick response without significantly decreasing the cell gap.

The present invention relates to a compound having the following formula (I) as well as a method for preparing such a compound, a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition containing such a compound, and the use thereof as a depigmenting, lightening, bleaching or whitening agent and for treating pigmentation disorders, notably by topical application on the skin.

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The present invention relates to a compound having the following formula (I) as well as a method for preparing such a compound, a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition containing such a compound, and the use thereof as a depigmenting, lightening, bleaching or whitening agent and for treating pigmentation disorders, notably by topical application on the skin.

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Fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are provided. The fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials include a silica material having the fluorinated cyclopentene moiety covalently bonded thereto. Exemplary silica materials include a polysilsesquioxane, a nanosilica, a microsilica, a silica gel, a silica aerogel, or combinations thereof. The fluorinated cyclopentene moieties are based on a modification of perfluorocyclopentene (i.e., 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-cyclopentene) by nucleophilic substitution with an appropriate nucleophile having a reactive functional group. Methods for preparing fluorinated cyclopentene moieties and the corresponding fluorinated cyclopentene functionalized silica materials are also provided.

The present invention provides a liquid crystal panel that achieves low-voltage driving and wide color gamut and suppresses the generation of residual DC voltage caused by UV light included in backlight illumination or the like, a switchable mirror panel including the liquid crystal panel, and a switchable mirror display including the liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal panel of the present invention includes: a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a vertical alignment film disposed on a liquid crystal layer side of each of the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal layer contains a liquid crystal material with a negative anisotropy of dielectric constant. The liquid crystal material contains a tolan liquid crystal compound. The vertical alignment film contains a vertical alignment polymer that includes a main chain and a side chain. The side chain includes a saturated aliphatic functional group at a terminal.

The present invention relates to a compound having the formula (I), as well as a method for preparing such a compound, a cosmetic or pharmaceutic composition containing such a compound, and the use thereof as a depigmenting, lightening, bleaching or whitening agent and for treating pigmentation disorders, notably by topical application on the skin. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a compound having the formula (I), as well as a method for preparing such a compound, a cosmetic or pharmaceutic composition containing such a compound, and the use thereof as a depigmenting, lightening, bleaching or whitening agent and for treating pigmentation disorders, notably by topical application on the skin. ##STR00001##

Compounds that have agonist activity at one or more of the S1P receptors are provided. The compounds are sphingosine analogs that, after phosphorylation, can behave as agonists at S1P receptors.

Compounds that have agonist activity at one or more of the S1P receptors are provided. The compounds are sphingosine analogs that, after phosphorylation, can behave as agonists at S1P receptors.