Disclosed herein are biodegradable coating and paint compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol, wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said biodegradable composition has a bio-based carbon content of about 1% to 100%. In addition, it is preferred that the 1,3-propanediol be biologically-derived, and wherein upon biodegradation, the biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol contributes no anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.

Disclosed herein are biodegradable coating and paint compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol, wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said biodegradable composition has a bio-based carbon content of about 1% to 100%. In addition, it is preferred that the 1,3-propanediol be biologically-derived, and wherein upon biodegradation, the biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol contributes no anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.

Disclosed herein are biodegradable coating and paint compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol, wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said biodegradable composition has a bio-based carbon content of about 1% to 100%. In addition, it is preferred that the 1,3-propanediol be biologically-derived, and wherein upon biodegradation, the biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol contributes no anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.

Provided herein are fumaric and maleic acid-containing compounds, compositions comprising the same and methods for using such compounds to enhance production, growth, spread or titer of interferon-sensitive viruses in cells, particularly cancer and tumor cells. Also provided are methods of treating tumors or cancers in a subject by administering the compounds and compositions.

Provided herein are fumaric and maleic acid-containing compounds, compositions comprising the same and methods for using such compounds to enhance production, growth, spread or titer of interferon-sensitive viruses in cells, particularly cancer and tumor cells. Also provided are methods of treating tumors or cancers in a subject by administering the compounds and compositions.

Disclosed is a method of preparing diroximel fumarate represented by the following structural formula (I) The method comprises reacting ethy lene carbonate with succinimide to form a hydroxyethyl succinimide intermediate; and reacting the intermediate with monomethyl fumarate to form the product compound.

##STR00001##

Disclosed is a method of preparing diroximel fumarate represented by the following structural formula (I) The method comprises reacting ethy lene carbonate with succinimide to form a hydroxyethyl succinimide intermediate; and reacting the intermediate with monomethyl fumarate to form the product compound.

##STR00001##

Provided herein are fumaric-containing compounds, compositions comprising the same and methods for using such compounds for increasing the capacity of an interferon-sensitive virus to infect, transduce, grow or replicate in a cell or spread within one or more tissues. Also provided are methods for increasing the capacity of an interferon-sensitive virus to produce a virus-encoded transgene from a cell, by administering the compounds and compositions.

Provided herein are fumaric-containing compounds, compositions comprising the same and methods for using such compounds for increasing the capacity of an interferon-sensitive virus to infect, transduce, grow or replicate in a cell or spread within one or more tissues. Also provided are methods for increasing the capacity of an interferon-sensitive virus to produce a virus-encoded transgene from a cell, by administering the compounds and compositions.

The invention provides a method of producing acrylic acid. The method includes contacting fumaric acid with a sufficient amount of ethylene in the presence of a cross-metathesis transformation catalyst to produce about two moles of acrylic acid per mole of fumaric acid. Also provided is an acrylate ester. The method includes contacting fumarate diester with a sufficient amount of ethylene in the presence of a cross-metathesis transformation catalyst to produce about two moles of acrylate ester per mole of fumarate diester. An integrated process for process for producing acrylic acid or acrylate ester is provided which couples bioproduction of fumaric acid with metathesis transformation. An acrylic acid and an acrylate ester production also is provided.