Disclosed are alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyamides and alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyesters used in compositions and methods for inhibiting natural gas hydrate agglomerates. The alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyamides and alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyesters are reaction products of an alkyl lactone and an amine, and an alkyl lactone and an alcohol, respectively.

The invention relates to a method for producing polyol esters, especially polyglycerol esters, of 3-hydroxybutyric acid as well as the products thus obtained and their use.

The invention relates to a method for producing polyol esters, especially polyglycerol esters, of 3-hydroxybutyric acid as well as the products thus obtained and their use.

A method of making a functionalized fluorinated monomer for use in making oligomers and polymers that can be used to improve surface properties of polymer-derived systems, such as coatings. The method of making a functionalized fluorinated monomer includes reacting at least one fluorinated nucleophilic reactant, such as a fluorinated alcohol, with at least one compound containing at least one epoxide group. Other methods include reaction of a fluorinated alcohol with a cyclic carboxylic anhydride. In another embodiment, a method includes reacting a fluorinated mesylate, tosylate or triflate with an amine, alkoxide or phenoxide. In other embodiments, the method includes reacting a fluorinated alcohol with an alkyl halide, or reacting a fluorinated alkyl halide with an amine. The functionalized fluorinated monomers may be used as intermediates and reacted to modify the functional groups thereon. Further, the functionalized fluorinated monomers may be reacted to form polymers or oligomers, or with polymers or oligomers having functional groups to modify the polymer or oligomer through the functional group thereon.

A method of making a functionalized fluorinated monomer for use in making oligomers and polymers that can be used to improve surface properties of polymer-derived systems, such as coatings. The method of making a functionalized fluorinated monomer includes reacting at least one fluorinated nucleophilic reactant, such as a fluorinated alcohol, with at least one compound containing at least one epoxide group. Other methods include reaction of a fluorinated alcohol with a cyclic carboxylic anhydride. In another embodiment, a method includes reacting a fluorinated mesylate, tosylate or triflate with an amine, alkoxide or phenoxide. In other embodiments, the method includes reacting a fluorinated alcohol with an alkyl halide, or reacting a fluorinated alkyl halide with an amine. The functionalized fluorinated monomers may be used as intermediates and reacted to modify the functional groups thereon. Further, the functionalized fluorinated monomers may be reacted to form polymers or oligomers, or with polymers or oligomers having functional groups to modify the polymer or oligomer through the functional group thereon.

The present disclosure provides treprostinil derivatives that can act as prodrugs of treprostinil. The treprostinil derivatives can be used to treat any conditions responsive to treatment with treprostinil, including pulmonary hypertension, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension.

The presently disclosed subject matter is directed to novel compounds of Formula I, Formula II, and Formula III, and stereoisomers thereof, and flavor compositions comprising the novel compounds.

The presently disclosed subject matter is directed to novel compounds of Formula I, Formula II, and Formula III, and stereoisomers thereof, and flavor compositions comprising the novel compounds.

A method for obtaining cochineal wax is provided which comprises (a) harvesting cochineal insects from an artificial medium inoculated with the insects; (b) extracting cochineal wax from the insects with a liquid medium; and (c) isolating cochineal wax from the liquid medium.

A method for obtaining cochineal wax is provided which comprises (a) harvesting cochineal insects from an artificial medium inoculated with the insects; (b) extracting cochineal wax from the insects with a liquid medium; and (c) isolating cochineal wax from the liquid medium.