The present disclosure provides improved methods of performing ozonolysis on alkenes comprising non-reductive quenching of ozonide intermediates using Bronsted bases to yield aldehyde, ketone and/or carboxylic acid products.

Compounds of formula (I) are photoinitiators or photosensitizers in a photopolymerizable composition: ##STR00001## R.sub.1 represents a monovalent, linear, branched or cyclic, aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with substituent(s) selected from —Cl, —Br, —OH, ═O, —NH—CO— OR.sub.2, —NH—CO—R.sub.2 or free-radically or ionically polymerizable groups. Each R.sub.2 is independently —H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl; n is ≥1. If n=1, Z and Y are absent and X represents —OR.sub.3; if n is >1, Z represents —OR.sub.4—, Y represents —ORs— and X represents —H or —OH. R.sub.3 represents —H or R.sub.1; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 each independently represent a bivalent hydrocarbon group. The polymerizable moieties as optional substituents of R.sub.1 are polymerizable double or triple bonds, lactam, lactone and epoxide moieties, which are subjectable to ring-opening polymerization; and two of R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 may be linked to one another to form a ring or a dimer.

Compounds of formula (I) are photoinitiators or photosensitizers in a photopolymerizable composition: ##STR00001## R.sub.1 represents a monovalent, linear, branched or cyclic, aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with substituent(s) selected from —Cl, —Br, —OH, ═O, —NH—CO— OR.sub.2, —NH—CO—R.sub.2 or free-radically or ionically polymerizable groups. Each R.sub.2 is independently —H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl; n is ≥1. If n=1, Z and Y are absent and X represents —OR.sub.3; if n is >1, Z represents —OR.sub.4—, Y represents —ORs— and X represents —H or —OH. R.sub.3 represents —H or R.sub.1; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 each independently represent a bivalent hydrocarbon group. The polymerizable moieties as optional substituents of R.sub.1 are polymerizable double or triple bonds, lactam, lactone and epoxide moieties, which are subjectable to ring-opening polymerization; and two of R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 may be linked to one another to form a ring or a dimer.

To provide a photopolymerization sensitizer which will not cause problems of dusting or coloring of a cured product by bleeding of additives such as the photopolymerization sensitizer on the surface e.g. by blooming at the time of photo-curing or during storage of the cured product, and which imparts a practically sufficient photo-curing rate. An oligomer of a 9,10-bis(substituted oxy)anthracene compound having repeating units represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein n represents a repetition number and is from 2 to 50, each of X and Y which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-8 alkyl group or a halogen atom, and A is a bivalent substituent.

To provide a photopolymerization sensitizer which will not cause problems of dusting or coloring of a cured product by bleeding of additives such as the photopolymerization sensitizer on the surface e.g. by blooming at the time of photo-curing or during storage of the cured product, and which imparts a practically sufficient photo-curing rate. An oligomer of a 9,10-bis(substituted oxy)anthracene compound having repeating units represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein n represents a repetition number and is from 2 to 50, each of X and Y which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-8 alkyl group or a halogen atom, and A is a bivalent substituent.

The present invention relates to novel pharmaceutically acceptable salts of Bempedoic acid, novel intermediates of Bempedoic acid, novel crystalline form of Bempedoic acid and novel processes for the preparation of Bempedoic acid or its intermediates thereof.

The present invention relates to novel pharmaceutically acceptable salts of Bempedoic acid, novel intermediates of Bempedoic acid, novel crystalline form of Bempedoic acid and novel processes for the preparation of Bempedoic acid or its intermediates thereof.

A process is provided for the preparation of value added chemicals such as ethyl levulinate from a glucose or other sugars, catalyzed by a mixture of a Lewis acid catalyst and a Bronsted acid catalyst.

A process is provided for the preparation of value added chemicals such as ethyl levulinate from a glucose or other sugars, catalyzed by a mixture of a Lewis acid catalyst and a Bronsted acid catalyst.

Use of a barium titanate based coating liquid composition comprising: (a) a sol-gel source material containing (i) at least a barium component selected from a group consisting of barium alkoxides, hydrolyzates of barium alkoxides and condensates of hydrolyzates of barium alkoxides and (ii) at least a titanium component selected from a group consisting of titanium alkoxides, hydrolyzates of titanium alkoxides and condensates of hydrolyzates of titanium alkoxides; and (b) a β-keto ester compound expressed by general formula (1) shown below: ##STR00001## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent respective alkyl groups having not less than 1 and not more than 6 carbon atoms.