Disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing an aryl fluorosulfonate and a fluorinating reagent to a reaction mixture; and reacting the aryl fluorosulfonate and the fluorinating reagent to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Also disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing, a salt comprising a cation and an aryloxylate, and SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to a reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2 and the ammonium salt to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Further disclosed a fluorination method comprising providing a compound having the structure Ar—OH to a reaction mixture; where Ar is an aryl or heteroaryl; providing SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to the reaction mixture; providing a fluorinating reagent to the reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2, the fluorinating reagent and the compound having the structure Ar—OH to provide a fluorinated aryl species having the structure Ar—F.

The invention relates to a process for preparing an α-methylene ketone comprising the step of reacting a ketone with formaldehyde in the presence of a catalyst which is an organic compound comprising at least one acid function or the corresponding salt, ester or amide thereof and at least one amine function or the corresponding ammonium salt, or a zwitterion thereof.

The invention relates to a process for preparing an α-methylene ketone comprising the step of reacting a ketone with formaldehyde in the presence of a catalyst which is an organic compound comprising at least one acid function or the corresponding salt, ester or amide thereof and at least one amine function or the corresponding ammonium salt, or a zwitterion thereof.

Disclosed are a low-migration hindered phenol antioxidant compound, a preparation method and a composition. During production, processing or use, polymers experience degradation due to factors such as light, oxygen and heat. The oxidation resistance thereof is often increased by adding one or more common antioxidants, thereby inhibiting and delaying the rate if oxidative degradation thereof. The structures of traditional hindered phenolic antioxidant compounds migrate in polymers. The hindered phenolic antioxidant compound of the present invention has more hindered phenol units, and can achieve the objectives of low extraction and low migration.

Methods of preparing unsaturated compounds or analogs through dehydrogenation of corresponding saturated compounds and/or hydrogenation of aromatic compounds are disclosed.

Methods of preparing unsaturated compounds or analogs through dehydrogenation of corresponding saturated compounds and/or hydrogenation of aromatic compounds are disclosed.

The present invention provides a compound having an excellent efficacy for controlling pests. According to the present invention, a compound represented by formula (I) [wherein Q represents a group represented by Q1, or a group represented by Q2 (where • represents a binding site to a benzene ring), E represents a C5-C6 cycloalkenyl group and so on, L represents an oxygen atom or NH, a combination of R.sup.1 and n represents a combination where R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, and n is 1, and so on, and R.sup.2 represents a methyl group and so on] or its N-oxide, or agriculturally acceptable salts thereof has an excellent efficacy for controlling pests.

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Provided herein are methods for preparing ketone-containing organic molecules. The methods are based on novel iron/copper-mediated (“Fe/Cu-mediated”) coupling reactions. The Fe/Cu-mediated coupling reaction can be used in the preparation of complex molecules, such as halichondrins and analogs thereof. In particular, the Fe/Cu-mediated ketolization reactions described herein are useful in the preparation of intermediates en route to halichondrins.

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Provided herein are methods for preparing ketone-containing organic molecules. The methods are based on novel iron/copper-mediated (“Fe/Cu-mediated”) coupling reactions. The Fe/Cu-mediated coupling reaction can be used in the preparation of complex molecules, such as halichondrins and analogs thereof. In particular, the Fe/Cu-mediated ketolization reactions described herein are useful in the preparation of intermediates en route to halichondrins.

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Provided herein are methods for preparing ketone-containing organic molecules. The methods are based on novel iron/copper-mediated (“Fe/Cu-mediated”) coupling reactions. The Fe/Cu-mediated coupling reaction can be used in the preparation of complex molecules, such as halichondrins and analogs thereof. In particular, the Fe/Cu-mediated ketolization reactions described herein are useful in the preparation of intermediates en route to halichondrins.

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