The present invention provides a synthesis system that can synthesize aniline and/or styrene efficiently, a synthesis system that can synthesize butadiene (1,3-butadiene) efficiently, a rubber chemical for a tire which is synthesized from the aniline obtained by the synthesis system, a synthetic rubber for a tire which is synthesized from the styrene and/or butadiene obtained by the synthesis systems, and a pneumatic tire produced using the rubber chemical for a tire and/or the synthetic rubber for a tire. The present invention relates to a synthesis system for synthesizing aniline and/or styrene from an alcohol having two or more carbon atoms via an aromatic compound.

The present invention provides a synthesis system that can synthesize aniline and/or styrene efficiently, a synthesis system that can synthesize butadiene (1,3-butadiene) efficiently, a rubber chemical for a tire which is synthesized from the aniline obtained by the synthesis system, a synthetic rubber for a tire which is synthesized from the styrene and/or butadiene obtained by the synthesis systems, and a pneumatic tire produced using the rubber chemical for a tire and/or the synthetic rubber for a tire. The present invention relates to a synthesis system for synthesizing aniline and/or styrene from an alcohol having two or more carbon atoms via an aromatic compound.

Disclosed is a process for preparing a primary, a secondary or a tertiary amine via the direct amination of an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is composed of palladium or a palladium compound and a cerium oxide supporter.

Disclosed is a process for preparing a primary, a secondary or a tertiary amine via the direct amination of an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is composed of palladium or a palladium compound and a cerium oxide supporter.

Disclosed is a process for preparing a primary, a secondary or a tertiary amine via the direct amination of an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is composed of palladium or a palladium compound and a cerium oxide supporter.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.