This invention relates to an anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant as substantially represented by the formula (I), production and use thereof in tertiary oil recovery. The anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant of this invention exhibits significantly improved interfacial activity and stability as compared with the prior art. With the present anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant, a flooding fluid composition for tertiary oil recovery with improved oil displacement efficiency and oil washing capability as compared with the prior art could be produced.

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In the formula (I), each group is as defined in the specification.

The present invention relates to a novel pseudoceramide compound, and more particularly, to a novel pseudoceramide compound represented by formula 1 and having skin moisturizing and barrier function characteristics, and a skin topical composition comprising the pseudoceramide compound:

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wherein R.sub.1 represents a linear C12-C18 alkyl group and has at least one double bond, and R.sub.2 represents a linear C12-C22 alkyl group and has a double bond.

The present invention relates to an amide compound solution comprising an amide compound and a surfactant. More specifically, the invention relates to an amide compound solution comprising amide compound, and 2.7˜20 mg of a cationic surfactant per 1 kg of the amide compound or 0.01˜10 mg of a C15˜C20 carboxylic acid or its salt as an anionic surfactant per 1 kg of the amide compound. The present invention provides an amide compound solution which is manufactured using a biocatalyst and which has a low level of foaming, and thereby improving the operability and yield when manufacturing an amide compound-based polymer.

The present invention relates to an amide compound solution comprising an amide compound and a surfactant. More specifically, the invention relates to an amide compound solution comprising amide compound, and 2.7˜20 mg of a cationic surfactant per 1 kg of the amide compound or 0.01˜10 mg of a C15˜C20 carboxylic acid or its salt as an anionic surfactant per 1 kg of the amide compound. The present invention provides an amide compound solution which is manufactured using a biocatalyst and which has a low level of foaming, and thereby improving the operability and yield when manufacturing an amide compound-based polymer.

Provided is a method for preparing an enamide compound, which includes reacting an organic azide compound having α-hydrogen and an anhydride by addition of a ruthenium complex catalyst in the presence of an ionic liquid, and a ruthenium complex catalyst used herein.

Provided is a method for preparing an enamide compound, which includes reacting an organic azide compound having α-hydrogen and an anhydride by addition of a ruthenium complex catalyst in the presence of an ionic liquid, and a ruthenium complex catalyst used herein.

Provided herein are integrated methods and systems for the production of acrylamide and acrylonitrile compounds and other compounds from at least beta-lactones and/or beta-hydroxy amides.

Provided herein are integrated methods and systems for the production of acrylamide and acrylonitrile compounds and other compounds from at least beta-lactones and/or beta-hydroxy amides.

The present invention relates to methods for preparing an aqueous acrylamide solution having a low acrylic acid concentration. In addition, the present invention relates to methods for reducing the acrylic acid concentration of an aqueous acrylamide solution. The methods involve a bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide in the presence of a biocatalyst, wherein during the bioconversion the content of acrylonitrile is maintained at 0.3 w/w % or more referred to the total weight of the composition in the reactor. Also provided is an aqueous acrylamide solution which is obtained by the methods of the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention is related to an acrylamide homopolymer or copolymer obtained by polymerizing the acrylamide of the aqueous solution.

The present invention relates to methods for preparing an aqueous acrylamide solution having a low acrylic acid concentration. In addition, the present invention relates to methods for reducing the acrylic acid concentration of an aqueous acrylamide solution. The methods involve a bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide in the presence of a biocatalyst, wherein during the bioconversion the content of acrylonitrile is maintained at 0.3 w/w % or more referred to the total weight of the composition in the reactor. Also provided is an aqueous acrylamide solution which is obtained by the methods of the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention is related to an acrylamide homopolymer or copolymer obtained by polymerizing the acrylamide of the aqueous solution.