The present disclosure relates to a process for the manufacturing of a compound comprising a (meth)acryloyl group, wherein the process comprises the steps of: a) providing a multi-screw extruder comprising a reaction chamber; b) providing reactants and reagents comprising: i. an alcohol or a primary or secondary amine; ii. a base; and iii. a (meth)acryloyl halide or a 3-halopropionyl halide; and c) incorporating the reactants and reagents into the reaction chamber of the multi-screw extruder, thereby forming a reaction product stream comprising the compound comprising a (meth)acryloyl group.

The present disclosure relates to a process for the manufacturing of a compound comprising a (meth)acryloyl group, wherein the process comprises the steps of: a) providing a multi-screw extruder comprising a reaction chamber; b) providing reactants and reagents comprising: i. an alcohol or a primary or secondary amine; ii. a base; and iii. a (meth)acryloyl halide or a 3-halopropionyl halide; and c) incorporating the reactants and reagents into the reaction chamber of the multi-screw extruder, thereby forming a reaction product stream comprising the compound comprising a (meth)acryloyl group.

Provided is a method of producing an amide compound, the method including: obtaining a reaction solution containing an amide compound by bringing a microbial cell containing nitrile hydratase, or a processed product of the microbial cell, into contact with a nitrile compound in an aqueous medium in a first reactor; and causing the obtained reaction solution containing an amide compound to react in a second reactor having a plug-flow region, in which the Reynolds number in the second reactor is controlled to from 5 to 1,000.

A compound represented by the following formula (0).

##STR00001##

(In the above formula (0), R.sup.X represents a 2n.sup.A-valent group having 1 to 70 carbon atoms or a single bond; each R.sup.1A independently represents any of an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent, a crosslinkable group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent, a maleamic acid group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent, a maleimide group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an amino group having 0 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent, a carboxyl group, a thiol group and a hydroxy group, wherein, when R.sup.1A is any of the alkyl group, the aryl group, the crosslinkable group and the alkoxy group, at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, a ketone bond and an ester bond is optionally contained, and at least one R.sup.1A is any of a maleamic acid group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent and a maleimide group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent; X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, or is optionally not present; each R independently represents any of a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring and an anthracene ring; each m is independently an integer of 0 to 9, wherein at least one m is an integer of 1 to 9; and n.sup.A is an integer of 1 to 4.)

This invention relates to a method for inhibiting the agglomeration of gas hydrates, comprising the injection of an anti-agglomerant comprising a N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by the formula (I)

##STR00001##

wherein

R.sup.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 7 to 21 carbon atoms,

R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or together form an optionally substituted ring having 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein the ring may carry up to 3 substituents,

R.sup.4 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

R.sup.5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and

A is an alkylene group having two or three carbon atoms, into a fluid comprising gas, water and oil under conditions prone to the formation of gas hydrates,

wherein the N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by formula (I) is produced by the aminolysis of an ester of a fatty acid and a C.sub.1- to C.sub.4-alcohol with an N,N-dialkylamino alkyl amine and subsequent neutralization with a carboxylic acid.

This invention relates to a method for inhibiting the agglomeration of gas hydrates, comprising the injection of an anti-agglomerant comprising a N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by the formula (I)

##STR00001##

wherein

R.sup.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 7 to 21 carbon atoms,

R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or together form an optionally substituted ring having 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein the ring may carry up to 3 substituents,

R.sup.4 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

R.sup.5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms and

A is an alkylene group having two or three carbon atoms, into a fluid comprising gas, water and oil under conditions prone to the formation of gas hydrates,

wherein the N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by the formula (I) is produced by the condensation reaction of a fatty acid with an N,N-dialkylamino alkyl amine and subsequent neutralization with a carboxylic acid.

This invention relates to a method for inhibiting the agglomeration of gas hydrates, comprising the injection of an anti-agglomerant comprising a N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by the formula (I)

##STR00001##

wherein

R.sup.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 7 to 21 carbon atoms,

R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or together form an optionally substituted ring having 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein the ring may carry up to 3 substituents,

R.sup.4 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

R.sup.5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms and

A is an alkylene group having two or three carbon atoms, into a fluid comprising gas, water and oil under conditions prone to the formation of gas hydrates,

wherein the N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by the formula (I) is produced by the condensation reaction of a fatty acid with an N,N-dialkylamino alkyl amine and subsequent neutralization with a carboxylic acid.

The present disclosure relates to a process for the manufacturing of a compound comprising a (meth)acryloyl group, wherein the process comprises the steps of: a) providing a multi-screw extruder comprising a reaction chamber; b) providing reactants and reagents comprising: i. an alcohol or a primary or secondary amine; ii. a base; and iii. a (meth)acryloyl halide or a 3-halopropionyl halide; and c) incorporating the reactants and reagents into the reaction chamber of the multi-screw extruder, thereby forming a reaction product stream comprising the compound comprising a (meth)acryloyl group.

The present disclosure relates to a process for the manufacturing of a compound comprising a (meth)acryloyl group, wherein the process comprises the steps of: a) providing a multi-screw extruder comprising a reaction chamber; b) providing reactants and reagents comprising: i. an alcohol or a primary or secondary amine; ii. a base; and iii. a (meth)acryloyl halide or a 3-halopropionyl halide; and c) incorporating the reactants and reagents into the reaction chamber of the multi-screw extruder, thereby forming a reaction product stream comprising the compound comprising a (meth)acryloyl group.

Disclosed are a mild and efficient preparation method for an -acyloxyenamide compound and a use thereof in the synthesis of an amide and a polypeptide. The -acyloxyenamide compound is obtained by an addition reaction of a ynamide and a carboxylic acid in dichloromethane under conditions where the temperature is 0 C. to 50 C.; the produced -acyloxyenamide compound can react with an amine compound to produce an amide or a polypeptide; the two reactions can be carried out step by step, and can also be carried out in one pot. According to the invention, the reaction conditions are mild and no metal catalyst is required; when the carboxylic acid, which has chirality on an alpha site of carboxyl, forms an amide bond or a peptide bond, no racemization occurs; and the operation is simple and the application range is wide.