Epoxy/MMT composite material and a crosslinking method for epoxy/MMT composite material with second order nonlinear optical properties are introduced. Chromophore-containing intercalating agents are applied to modify montmorillonites (MMTs) to form organoclays by an ion-exchange process, wherein the chrmophores are neatly packed on exfoliated epoxy/organoclay nanocomposites. As a result, optical nonlinearity, i.e. the Pockels effect is observed for the nanocomposites without resorting to the poling process due to self-assembly process. Furthermore, a series of epoxy/MMT nanocomposites comprising thermally reversible furan-norbornene Diels-Alder adducts are prepared to establish a crosslinking feature. Self-alignment behavior, electro-optical (EO) coefficient and temporal stability of the epoxy/MMT nanocomposites are improved by the Diels-Alders crosslinking.

Epoxy/MMT composite material and a crosslinking method for epoxy/MMT composite material with second order nonlinear optical properties are introduced. Chromophore-containing intercalating agents are applied to modify montmorillonites (MMTs) to form organoclays by an ion-exchange process, wherein the chrmophores are neatly packed on exfoliated epoxy/organoclay nanocomposites. As a result, optical nonlinearity, i.e. the Pockels effect is observed for the nanocomposites without resorting to the poling process due to self-assembly process. Furthermore, a series of epoxy/MMT nanocomposites comprising thermally reversible furan-norbornene Diels-Alder adducts are prepared to establish a crosslinking feature. Self-alignment behavior, electro-optical (EO) coefficient and temporal stability of the epoxy/MMT nanocomposites are improved by the Diels-Alders crosslinking.

A new azobenzene-based fluorescence quencher with excellent solubility in aqueous solution is described here. This compound represents an optimized alternative to dabcyl in a variety of biomolecular applications, like fluorogenic protease substrates or nucleic acids probes.

A new azobenzene-based fluorescence quencher with excellent solubility in aqueous solution is described here. This compound represents an optimized alternative to dabcyl in a variety of biomolecular applications, like fluorogenic protease substrates or nucleic acids probes.

A process for the preparation of 2-substituted-1,4-benzenediamines, a cosmetically acceptable salt thereof, or mixture thereof. The process according to the present invention is a particularly cost effective process in that it avoids sophisticated chemical steps which requires special equipment or expensive catalysts and in that it comprises a recycling step of one of the starting materials, namely the 2-substituted aniline.

A process for the preparation of 2-substituted-1,4-benzenediamines, a cosmetically acceptable salt thereof, or mixture thereof. The process according to the present invention is a particularly cost effective process in that it avoids sophisticated chemical steps which requires special equipment or expensive catalysts and in that it comprises a recycling step of one of the starting materials, namely the 2-substituted aniline.

The invention discloses a special-purpose reactive disperse dye for waterless dyeing of natural fibers in supercritical CO.sub.2 fluid and an intermediate thereof. The reactive disperse dye has a longer alkane-chain bridging group between a chromophoric parent structure and an active group of the dye, which effectively promotes the donating-withdrawing effect on the electron cloud in the conjugated system, enhances the hyperchromic effect, effectively reduce the influence of the active group itself and its reaction on the dye coloring system, improves the color and stability against acid and alkali of the dye, and facilitate the improvement of the compatibility of the dye with supercritical fluid and the dyeing performance for natural fibers as well. The invention also discloses an intermediate of the reactive disperse dye, and a method for preparing the reactive disperse dye.

The invention discloses a special-purpose reactive disperse dye for waterless dyeing of natural fibers in supercritical CO.sub.2 fluid and an intermediate thereof. The reactive disperse dye has a longer alkane-chain bridging group between a chromophoric parent structure and an active group of the dye, which effectively promotes the donating-withdrawing effect on the electron cloud in the conjugated system, enhances the hyperchromic effect, effectively reduce the influence of the active group itself and its reaction on the dye coloring system, improves the color and stability against acid and alkali of the dye, and facilitate the improvement of the compatibility of the dye with supercritical fluid and the dyeing performance for natural fibers as well. The invention also discloses an intermediate of the reactive disperse dye, and a method for preparing the reactive disperse dye.

The invention discloses a special-purpose reactive disperse dye for waterless dyeing of natural fibers in supercritical CO.sub.2 fluid and an intermediate thereof. The reactive disperse dye has a longer alkane-chain bridging group between a chromophoric parent structure and an active group of the dye, which effectively promotes the donating-withdrawing effect on the electron cloud in the conjugated system, enhances the hyperchromic effect, effectively reduce the influence of the active group itself and its reaction on the dye coloring system, improves the color and stability against acid and alkali of the dye, and facilitate the improvement of the compatibility of the dye with supercritical fluid and the dyeing performance for natural fibers as well. The invention also discloses an intermediate of the reactive disperse dye, and a method for preparing the reactive disperse dye.

Compositions of manganese accumulating plants.