The present disclosure pertains to a new synthetic method for the preparation of 2-methyl-2-hydroxyheptane and 2-methyl-2-alkoxyheptanes, which are valuable commodities for use in flavors, fragrances and various personal care products, such as cosmetics.

The present disclosure pertains to a new synthetic method for the preparation of 2-methyl-2-hydroxyheptane and 2-methyl-2-alkoxyheptanes, which are valuable commodities for use in flavors, fragrances and various personal care products, such as cosmetics.

The present invention provides lipids that are advantageously used in lipid particles for the in vivo delivery of therapeutic agents to cells. In particular, the invention provides lipids having the following structure

##STR00001##

wherein: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently for each occurrence optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 alkyl, optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 alkenyl, optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 alkynyl, optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 acyl, or -linker-ligand; R.sub.3 is H, optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, optionally substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl, optionally substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl, alkylhetrocycle, alkylphosphate, alkylphosphorothioate, alkylphosphorodithioate, alkylphosphonates, alkylamines, hydroxyalkyls, -aminoalkyls, -(substituted)aminoalkyls, -phosphoalkyls, -thiophosphoalkyls, optionally substituted polyethylene glycol (PEG, mw 100-40K), optionally substituted mPEG (mw 120-40K), heteroaryl, heterocycle, or linker-ligand; and E is C(O)O or OC(O).

The present invention provides lipids that are advantageously used in lipid particles for the in vivo delivery of therapeutic agents to cells. In particular, the invention provides lipids having the following structure

##STR00001##

wherein: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently for each occurrence optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 alkyl, optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 alkenyl, optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 alkynyl, optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 acyl, or -linker-ligand; R.sub.3 is H, optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, optionally substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl, optionally substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl, alkylhetrocycle, alkylphosphate, alkylphosphorothioate, alkylphosphorodithioate, alkylphosphonates, alkylamines, hydroxyalkyls, -aminoalkyls, -(substituted)aminoalkyls, -phosphoalkyls, -thiophosphoalkyls, optionally substituted polyethylene glycol (PEG, mw 100-40K), optionally substituted mPEG (mw 120-40K), heteroaryl, heterocycle, or linker-ligand; and E is C(O)O or OC(O).

An alkoxide compound is represented by General Formula (I) below: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 each independently represent hydrogen, a C.sub.1-12 hydrocarbon group, etc.; R.sup.4 represents a C.sub.1-12 hydrocarbon group, etc.; L represents hydrogen, halogen, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an azi group, a phosphido group, a nitrile group, a carbonyl group, a C.sub.1-12 hydrocarbon group, etc.; and M represents a metal atom or a silicon atom, n represents an integer of 1 or more, m represents an integer of 0 or more, and n+m represents the valence of the metal atom or silicon atom.

Disclosed are a method of synthesizing prothioconazole and optically active isomers thereof and intermediates. The method includes reacting hydrazine with glyoxylic acid to produce a hydrazono acetic acid as an intermediate, and then reacting the intermediate with thiocyanate to produce the target product prothioconazole. The present method is very specific in terms of regioselectivity, resulting in minimum byproducts and a high product yield. The present method does not require special equipment, nor anhydrous or oxygen-free manipulations. The process is simple and generates minimum wastes, suitable for industrial production.

Disclosed are a method of synthesizing prothioconazole and optically active isomers thereof and intermediates. The method includes reacting hydrazine with glyoxylic acid to produce a hydrazono acetic acid as an intermediate, and then reacting the intermediate with thiocyanate to produce the target product prothioconazole. The present method is very specific in terms of regioselectivity, resulting in minimum byproducts and a high product yield. The present method does not require special equipment, nor anhydrous or oxygen-free manipulations. The process is simple and generates minimum wastes, suitable for industrial production.

The present invention provides lipids that are advantageously used in lipid particles for the in vivo delivery of therapeutic agents to cells. In particular, the invention provides lipids having the following structure

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently for each occurrence optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 alkyl, optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 alkenyl, optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 alkynyl, optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 acyl, or -linker-ligand; R3 is H, optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, optionally substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl, optionally substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl, alkylhetrocycle, alkylphosphate, alkylphosphorothioate, alkylphosphorodithioate, alkylphosphonates, alkylamines, hydroxyalkyls, -aminoalkyls, -(substituted)aminoalkyls, -phosphoalkyls, -thiophosphoalkyls, optionally substituted polyethylene glycol (PEG, mw 100-40K), optionally substituted mPEG (mw 120-40K), heteroaryl, heterocycle, or linker-ligand; E is O, S, N(Q), C(O), N(Q)C(O), C(O)N(Q), (Q)N(CO)O, O(CO)N(Q), S(O), NS(O).sub.2N(Q), S(O).sub.2, N(Q)S(O).sub.2, SS, ON, aryl, heteroaryl, cyclic or heterocycle; and, Q is H, alkyl, -aminoalkyl, -(substituted)aminoalky, -phosphoalkyl or -thiophosphoalkyl.

The present invention provides lipids that are advantageously used in lipid particles for the in vivo delivery of therapeutic agents to cells. In particular, the invention provides lipids having the following structure

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently for each occurrence optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 alkyl, optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 alkenyl, optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 alkynyl, optionally substituted C.sub.10-C.sub.30 acyl, or -linker-ligand; R3 is H, optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, optionally substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl, optionally substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl, alkylhetrocycle, alkylphosphate, alkylphosphorothioate, alkylphosphorodithioate, alkylphosphonates, alkylamines, hydroxyalkyls, -aminoalkyls, -(substituted)aminoalkyls, -phosphoalkyls, -thiophosphoalkyls, optionally substituted polyethylene glycol (PEG, mw 100-40K), optionally substituted mPEG (mw 120-40K), heteroaryl, heterocycle, or linker-ligand; E is O, S, N(Q), C(O), N(Q)C(O), C(O)N(Q), (Q)N(CO)O, O(CO)N(Q), S(O), NS(O).sub.2N(Q), S(O).sub.2, N(Q)S(O).sub.2, SS, ON, aryl, heteroaryl, cyclic or heterocycle; and, Q is H, alkyl, -aminoalkyl, -(substituted)aminoalky, -phosphoalkyl or -thiophosphoalkyl.

Disclosed are a method of synthesizing prothioconazole and optically active isomers thereof and intermediates. The method includes reacting hydrazine with glyoxylic acid to produce a hydrazono acetic acid as an intermediate, and then reacting the intermediate with thiocyanate to produce the target product prothioconazole. The present method is very specific in terms of regioselectivity, resulting in minimum byproducts and a high product yield. The present method does not require special equipment, nor anhydrous or oxygen-free manipulations. The process is simple and generates minimum wastes, suitable for industrial production.