Disclosed herein are a dehydrogenation catalyst having single-atom cobalt loaded onto a silica support that has undergone pretreatment including a thermal treatment and a high-temperature aqueous treatment (reaction), a preparation method therefor, and a method for producing olefins by dehydrogenating corresponding paraffins, particularly light paraffins in the presence of the dehydrogenation catalyst.

Catalytic chemical conversion of carbon dioxide gas combined with a hydrocarbon gas, comprising natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, butane or pentane, over a transition metal oxide, produces organic solvent products. The process converts oxidized carbon compounds to valued organic products and can reduce or eliminate the carbon footprint of industrial electric power generation industry. Catalytic processes are taught for chemical conversion of oxides of carbon, principally carbon dioxide (formed by combustion of hydrocarbons), to solvent compounds comprising acetone, butanol, pentane and related organic products. The catalysts are transition metal oxides, selected from the group comprising manganese, iron and cobalt or combinations thereof.

A carbon-coated transition metal nanocomposite material includes carbon-coated transition metal particles having a core-shell structure. The shell layer of the core-shell structure is a graphitized carbon layer doped with oxygen and/or nitrogen, and the core of the core-shell structure is a transition metal nanoparticle. The nanocomposite material has a structure rich in mesopores, is an adsorption/catalyst material with excellent performance, can be used for catalyzing various hydrogenation reduction reactions, or used as a catalytic-oxidation catalyst useful for the treatment of volatile organic compounds in industrial exhaust gases.

A supported catalyst for preparing light olefin using direct conversion of syngas is a composite catalyst and formed by compounding component I and component II in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of component I is a metal oxide; and the component II is a supported zeolite. A carrier is one or more than one of hierarchical pores Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, MgO and Ga.sub.2O.sub.3; the zeolite is one or more than one of CHA and AEI structures; and the load of the zeolite is 4%-45% wt. A weight ratio of the active ingredients in the component I to the component II is 0.1-20. The reaction process has an extremely high light olefin selectivity; the sum of the selectivity of the light olefin comprising ethylene, propylene and butylene can reach 50-90%, while the selectivity of a methane side product is less than 7%.

A composite catalyst containing heteroatom-doped zeolite for preparing light olefin using direct conversion of syngas formed by compounding component I and component II in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of component I is a metal oxide, and the component II is a heteroatom-doped zeolite. The zeolite topology is CHA or AEI, and the skeleton atoms include Al—P—O or Si—Al—P—O; the heteroatoms is at least one of divalent metal Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Zr, Mo, Cd, Ba and Ce, trivalent metal Ti and Ga, and tetravalent metal Ge. A weight ratio of the active ingredient in the component I to the component II is 0.1-20. The reaction process has high light olefin selectivity; the sum selectivity of the light olefin including ethylene, propylene and butylene can reach 50-90%, while the selectivity of a methane side product is less than 7%.

Disclosed is a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbons by hydrocracking a polymer containing aromatic rings, which includes reacting the polymer fragment with hydrogen under the action of a catalyst at a temperature of no more than 350° C.; separating a reaction product to obtain the aromatic hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises a carrier and an active ingredient supported on the carrier, the active ingredient is at least one selected from Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd, Fe, Ni, Cu and Co, the carrier is at least one selected from metal oxide, phosphate, molecular sieve, SiO.sub.2 and sulfonated carbon, the metal oxide is at least one selected from Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5—Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5—SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2 and MoO.sub.3; the phosphate is at least one selected from NbOPO.sub.4 and ZrOPO.sub.4; and the molecule sieve is at least one selected from Nb-SBA-15, Nafion, H-ZSM-5, H-Beta and H-Y.

The present disclosure provides processes to convert paraffins to corresponding olefins and or heavier hydrocarbons. In at least one embodiment, a process includes introducing, at a temperature of from about 50° C. to about 500° C., a hydrocarbon feed comprising paraffins to a first metal oxide comprising one or more group 1 to group 17 metal and one or more oxygen. The process includes obtaining a product mixture comprising one or more C3-C50 cyclic olefins, one or more C2-C50 acyclic olefins, one or more C5-C200 hydrocarbons, such as one or more C5-C100 hydrocarbons, or a mixture thereof. In at least one embodiment, the product mixture is substantially free of H2 (e.g., <500 ppm). The introducing can reduce the first metal oxide to form a second metal oxide. Processes may include introducing the second metal oxide to an oxidizing agent to form the first metal oxide.

A method is described for shutting down a Fischer-Tropsch reactor fed with a reactant gas mixture comprising a synthesis gas and a recycle gas recovered from the Fischer-Tropsch reactor in a synthesis loop, said Fischer-Tropsch reactor containing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst cooled indirectly by a coolant under pressure, comprising the steps of: (a) depressurising the coolant to cool the reactant gas mixture to quench Fischer-Tropsch reactions taking place in the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, (b) stopping the synthesis gas feed to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, and (c) maintaining circulation of the recycle gas through the Fischer-Tropsch reactor during steps (a) and (b) to remove heat from the Fischer-Tropsch reactor. The method safely facilitates a more rapid return to operating conditions than a full shut-down.

Provided herein are olefinic feedstocks derived from conjugated hydrocarbon terpenes (e.g., C.sub.10-C.sub.50 terpenes), methods for making the same, and methods for their use.

A process can treat a gaseous material mixture obtained by catalytic conversion of synthesis gas that contains at least alkenes, possibly alcohols and possibly alkanes, and also possibly nitrogen as inert gas and unconverted components of the synthesis gas, comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide. After catalytic conversion of synthesis gas, separation of the product mixture obtained in this reaction into a gas phase and a liquid phase is performed by at least partial absorption of the alkenes, possibly of the alcohols and possibly of the alkanes, in a high boiling point hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture as an absorption medium, separation as the gas phase of the gases not absorbed into the absorption medium, separating an aqueous phase from the organic phase of the absorption medium, preferably by decanting, and desorption of the alkenes, possibly of the alcohols and possibly of the alkanes, from the absorption medium.