In one aspect, compounds of Formula AA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are featured. The variables shown in Formula AA are as defined in the claims. The compounds of formula AA are NLRP3 activity modulators and, as such, can be used in the treatment of metabolic disorders (e.g. Type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity or gout), a disease of the central nervous system (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Parkinson's disease), lung disease (e.g. asthma, COPD or pulmonary idiopathic fibrosis), liver disease (e.g. NASH syndrome, viral hepatitis or cirrhosis), pancreatic disease (e.g. acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis), kidney disease (e.g. acute kidney injury or chronic kidney injury), intestinal disease (e.g. Crohn's disease or Ulcerative Colitis), skin disease (e.g. psoriasis), musculoskeletal disease (e.g. scleroderma), a vessel disorder (e.g. giant cell arteritis), a disorder of the bones (e.g. osteoarthritis, osteoporosis or osteopetrosis disorders), eye disease (e.g. glaucoma or macular degeneration), a disease caused by viral infection (e.g. HIV or AIDS), an autoimmune disease (e.g. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Autoimmune Thyroiditis), cancer or aging. ##STR00001##

In one aspect, compounds of Formula AA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are featured. The variables shown in Formula AA are as defined in the claims. The compounds of formula AA are NLRP3 activity modulators and, as such, can be used in the treatment of metabolic disorders (e.g. Type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity or gout), a disease of the central nervous system (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Parkinson's disease), lung disease (e.g. asthma, COPD or pulmonary idiopathic fibrosis), liver disease (e.g. NASH syndrome, viral hepatitis or cirrhosis), pancreatic disease (e.g. acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis), kidney disease (e.g. acute kidney injury or chronic kidney injury), intestinal disease (e.g. Crohn's disease or Ulcerative Colitis), skin disease (e.g. psoriasis), musculoskeletal disease (e.g. scleroderma), a vessel disorder (e.g. giant cell arteritis), a disorder of the bones (e.g. osteoarthritis, osteoporosis or osteopetrosis disorders), eye disease (e.g. glaucoma or macular degeneration), a disease caused by viral infection (e.g. HIV or AIDS), an autoimmune disease (e.g. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Autoimmune Thyroiditis), cancer or aging. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to a compound of formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 are defined as in the description and in the claims. The compound of formula (I) can be used as a medicament.

The invention relates to a compound of formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 are defined as in the description and in the claims. The compound of formula (I) can be used as a medicament.

An object of the present invention is to find a novel pharmaceutical that has an excellent tryptophanase inhibitory effect and suppresses worsening of renal function to preserve the kidney by reducing production of indoxyl sulfate in the blood. The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition containing, as an active ingredient, a compound represented by the following formula, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different, and represent a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group or the like, and Ar represents an optionally substituted phenyl group or an optionally substituted thienyl group.

An object of the present invention is to find a novel pharmaceutical that has an excellent tryptophanase inhibitory effect and suppresses worsening of renal function to preserve the kidney by reducing production of indoxyl sulfate in the blood. The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition containing, as an active ingredient, a compound represented by the following formula, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different, and represent a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group or the like, and Ar represents an optionally substituted phenyl group or an optionally substituted thienyl group.

In one aspect, compounds of Formula AA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are featured: ##STR00001## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the variables shown in Formula A can be as defined anywhere herein.

Disclosed is a compound of formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein all symbols are defined in the description. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods of making the compounds, kits comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds, compositions and kits for treatment of disorders associated with TREK-1, TREK-2 or both TREK-1 and TREK-2 dysfunction in a mammal.

Glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors and compositions containing the same are disclosed. Methods of using the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors in the treatment of diseases and conditions wherein inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase provides a benefit, like Gaucher disease and Fabry disease, also are disclosed.

The ionic liquids disclosed herein are salts comprising a nitrogen or phosphorus such as a quaternary ammonium ion, a quaternary phosphonium ion, or an N-alkylated nitrogen heterocycle, and which include at least one functional substituent, e.g., a fluoro, cyano, carbonate ester, an alkenyl group, or an alkynyl group bonded to a carbon atom the cation. In a preferred embodiment, the cation is represented by the structure of Formula (I) as described herein.