Provided is an infrared-reflecting black isoindolinone pigment having a novel skeleton, the black isoindolinone pigment having a high blackness (coloring power) and excellent durability such as heat resistance. The black isoindolinone pigment is represented by the following formula (1), wherein each X independently represents a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an alkyl group, and 8n+m0. ##STR00001##

Provided is an infrared-reflecting black isoindolinone pigment having a novel skeleton, the black isoindolinone pigment having a high blackness (coloring power) and excellent durability such as heat resistance. The black isoindolinone pigment is represented by the following formula (1), wherein each X independently represents a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an alkyl group, and 8n+m0. ##STR00001##

Some embodiments of the invention include inventive catalysts (e.g., compounds of Formula (I) or (Ia)). Other embodiments include compositions comprising the inventive catalysts. Some embodiments include methods of using the inventive catalysts (e.g., in hydrofluorination of an organic compound). Further embodiments include methods for making the inventive catalysts. Additional embodiments of the invention are also discussed herein.

Some embodiments of the invention include inventive catalysts (e.g., compounds of Formula (I) or (Ia)). Other embodiments include compositions comprising the inventive catalysts. Some embodiments include methods of using the inventive catalysts (e.g., in hydrofluorination of an organic compound). Further embodiments include methods for making the inventive catalysts. Additional embodiments of the invention are also discussed herein.

Methods of CH bond fluorination using non-heme manganese catalyst are described herein. For example, a method comprises providing a reaction mixture including a non-heme manganese catalyst, a substrate comprising an sp.sup.3 CH bond and a fluorinating agent and converting the sp.sup.3 CH bond to a CF bond in the presence of the non-heme manganese catalyst or a derivative thereof.

Methods of CH bond fluorination using non-heme manganese catalyst are described herein. For example, a method comprises providing a reaction mixture including a non-heme manganese catalyst, a substrate comprising an sp.sup.3 CH bond and a fluorinating agent and converting the sp.sup.3 CH bond to a CF bond in the presence of the non-heme manganese catalyst or a derivative thereof.

There is provided a curable compound having good solvent solubility and being capable of forming a cured material having super heat resistance. The curable compound according to the present invention is represented by the following formula (1). In the formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent a curable functional group; D.sup.1 and D.sup.2 each represent a single bond or a linking group; and L represents a divalent group having a repeating unit containing a structure represented by the following formula (I) and a structure represented by the following formula (II) (wherein Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.3 each represent a group made by eliminating two hydrogen atoms from a structural formula of an aromatic ring or a group made by eliminating two hydrogen atoms from a structural formula in which two or more aromatic rings are bound through a single bond or a linking group; X represents CO, S or SO.sub.2; each Y represents S, SO.sub.2, O, CO, COO or CONH; and n represents an integer of 0 or more):

##STR00001##

There is provided a curable compound having good solvent solubility and being capable of forming a cured material having super heat resistance. The curable compound according to the present invention is represented by the following formula (1). In the formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent a curable functional group; D.sup.1 and D.sup.2 each represent a single bond or a linking group; and L represents a divalent group having a repeating unit containing a structure represented by the following formula (I) and a structure represented by the following formula (II) (wherein Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.3 each represent a group made by eliminating two hydrogen atoms from a structural formula of an aromatic ring or a group made by eliminating two hydrogen atoms from a structural formula in which two or more aromatic rings are bound through a single bond or a linking group; X represents CO, S or SO.sub.2; each Y represents S, SO.sub.2, O, CO, COO or CONH; and n represents an integer of 0 or more):

##STR00001##

Provided is an infrared-reflecting black isoindolinone pigment having a novel skeleton, the black isoindolinone pigment having a high blackness (coloring power) and excellent durability such as heat resistance. The black isoindolinone pigment is represented by the following formula (1), wherein each X independently represents a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an alkyl group, and 8n+m0.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to thermoplastic polyamides (PA) comprising recurring units derived from a PFPE dicarboxylic acid (PFPA-DA) or a PFPE diamine (PFPE-NN) in a defined weight amount with respect to other units derived from the other monomers used in the course of polymerization. Polyamides (PA) are endowed with improved surface properties, chemical resistance and reduced brittleness and do not require the addiction of impact modifiers.