The present application relates to methods of preparing Compound A:

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

The present application relates to methods of preparing Compound A:

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

Described herein are compounds that are estrogen receptor modulators. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments that include the compounds described herein, as well as methods of using such estrogen receptor modulators, alone and in combination with other compounds, for treating diseases or conditions that are mediated or dependent upon estrogen receptors.

The present invention comprises novel aromatic molecules, which can be used in the treatment of pathological conditions, such as cancer, skin diseases, muscle disorders, and immune system-related disorders such as disorders of the haematopoietic system including the haematologic system in human and veterinary medicine.

##STR00001##

This invention relates to a novel class of compounds which are cysteine protease inhibitors, including but not limited to, inhibitors of cathepsins K, L, S and B. These compounds are useful for treating diseases in which inhibition of bone resorption is indicated, such as osteoporosis.

This invention relates to a novel class of compounds which are cysteine protease inhibitors, including but not limited to, inhibitors of cathepsins K, L, S and B. These compounds are useful for treating diseases in which inhibition of bone resorption is indicated, such as osteoporosis.

The invention relates to the use of known and novel phenalkyl carboxamide derivatives of the formula (I)

##STR00001##

wherein the structural elements have the meaning as indicated in the description, for the control of nematodes and/or other helminths, particularly in agriculture and in the animal health field, formulations containing such compounds, particularly agrochemical formulations, and methods for the control of nematodes and helminths. The invention further relates to novel phenalkyl carboxamide derivatives, processes for their preparation, formulations containing such compounds, methods for the control of nematodes and helminths and their use as pest controlling agents, particularly their use as nematicides and their use as anthelmintics against endoparasites in animals and humans.

The present disclosure provides an organic light emitting element which has a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer disposed therebetween and in which the organic compound layer contains an organic compound represented by the following general formula [1],

##STR00001##

wherein in the formula [1], Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heteroaromatic ring group, R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each may form a benzene ring, wherein the benzene ring may have at least one substituent.

The present disclosure provides an organic light emitting element which has a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer disposed therebetween and in which the organic compound layer contains an organic compound represented by the following general formula [1],

##STR00001##

wherein in the formula [1], Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heteroaromatic ring group, R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each may form a benzene ring, wherein the benzene ring may have at least one substituent.

New ionic thermal acid generator compounds are provided. Also provided are photoresist compositions, antireflective coating compositions, and chemical trim overcoat compositions, and methods of using the compositions.