The present disclosure provides an organic light emitting element which has a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer disposed therebetween and in which the organic compound layer contains an organic compound represented by the following general formula [1], ##STR00001##
wherein in the formula [1], Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heteroaromatic ring group, R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each may form a benzene ring, wherein the benzene ring may have at least one substituent.

A monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1: ##STR00001##
wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, o, p, q, and r are the same as defined in the detailed description.

A monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1: ##STR00001##
wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, o, p, q, and r are the same as defined in the detailed description.

A method for a high yield production of a difluoromethyl-substituted aromatic heterocyclic compound having a partial structure represented by formula (II), which includes reacting an N-oxido aromatic heterocyclic compound having a partial structure represented by formula (I) with tetrafluoroethylene in a solvent selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, an ester solvent, and an ether solvent.

##STR00001##

A method for a high yield production of a difluoromethyl-substituted aromatic heterocyclic compound having a partial structure represented by formula (II), which includes reacting an N-oxido aromatic heterocyclic compound having a partial structure represented by formula (I) with tetrafluoroethylene in a solvent selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, an ester solvent, and an ether solvent.

##STR00001##

A method for producing an aromatic heterocycle-substituted difluoroacetic acid derivative having a partial structure represented by the formula (III), by reacting an N-oxido aromatic heterocyclic compound having a partial structure represented by the formula (I) with tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of a compound represented by the formula (II): R—YH, in a solvent selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, an ester solvent and an ether solvent:

##STR00001##

A method for producing an aromatic heterocycle-substituted difluoroacetic acid derivative having a partial structure represented by the formula (III), by reacting an N-oxido aromatic heterocyclic compound having a partial structure represented by the formula (I) with tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of a compound represented by the formula (II): R—YH, in a solvent selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, an ester solvent and an ether solvent:

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to luciferin derivatives and method for synthesis of the luciferin derivatives. The method for synthesis of the luciferin derivatives comprises performing a first reaction by using toxic phenolic derivatives as a substrate and reacts it in buffer solutions by using thermostable dehalogenase, a group of radical scavenging enzyme, a group of polyphenol oxidase, and an FADH.sub.2 generating system to obtain benzoquinone. The FADH.sub.2 generating system is able to produce FADH.sub.2 which is a substrate for the thermostable dehalogenase. Further, performing a second reaction between benzoquinone, as derived, and D-cysteine in order to obtain the luciferin derivatives having an ability to emit light at wavelengths of 600-700 nm. Therefore, the luciferin derivatives can be used in various fields such as medical research, pharmaceutical research, and other detection technologies.

The present disclosure relates to luciferin derivatives and method for synthesis of the luciferin derivatives. The method for synthesis of the luciferin derivatives comprises performing a first reaction by using toxic phenolic derivatives as a substrate and reacts it in buffer solutions by using thermostable dehalogenase, a group of radical scavenging enzyme, a group of polyphenol oxidase, and an FADH.sub.2 generating system to obtain benzoquinone. The FADH.sub.2 generating system is able to produce FADH.sub.2 which is a substrate for the thermostable dehalogenase. Further, performing a second reaction between benzoquinone, as derived, and D-cysteine in order to obtain the luciferin derivatives having an ability to emit light at wavelengths of 600-700 nm. Therefore, the luciferin derivatives can be used in various fields such as medical research, pharmaceutical research, and other detection technologies.

Methods are provided for modulating MRGPR X4 generally, or for treating a MRGPR X4 dependent condition more specifically, by contacting the MRGPR X4 or administering to a subject in need thereof, respectively, an effective amount of a compound having the structure of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein n, x, A, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Z, R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are as defined herein. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, as well as to compounds themselves, are also provided.