A polarizing plate protective film which prevents deterioration of polarization performance in a high temperature, high humidity environment, and a polarizing plate and display device using the film including a compound represented by the following General Formula (I).

(X-L.sub.nz  General Formula (I)

X represents a formyl group, a boronic acid group, or a group represented by the following General Formula (I-B) or a group represented by the following General Formula (I-C), where L represents a single bond or divalent linking group, and n represents an integer equal to or greater than 2. When n is 2, Z represents a single bond or a divalent group, and when n≧3, Z represents an n-valent group.

##STR00001##

R.sup.A and R.sup.B represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or an acyl group. R.sup.A and R.sup.B may be bonded to each other to form a ring. * represents a bond to be bonded to L.

A polarizing plate protective film which prevents deterioration of polarization performance in a high temperature, high humidity environment, and a polarizing plate and display device using the film including a compound represented by the following General Formula (I).

(X-L.sub.nz  General Formula (I)

X represents a formyl group, a boronic acid group, or a group represented by the following General Formula (I-B) or a group represented by the following General Formula (I-C), where L represents a single bond or divalent linking group, and n represents an integer equal to or greater than 2. When n is 2, Z represents a single bond or a divalent group, and when n≧3, Z represents an n-valent group.

##STR00001##

R.sup.A and R.sup.B represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or an acyl group. R.sup.A and R.sup.B may be bonded to each other to form a ring. * represents a bond to be bonded to L.

The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof:

X-A-Y-L-R  (I)

which inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV life cycle of the hepatitis B virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject suffering from HBV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HBV infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention.

The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof:

X-A-Y-L-R  (I)

which inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV life cycle of the hepatitis B virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject suffering from HBV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HBV infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention.

The present invention relates to malonamide compounds of the formula (I) wherein the variables are as defined in the claims and the description, and to compositions comprising these compounds. The invention also relates to the use of said malonamide compounds or the corresponding compositions for controlling unwanted vegetation. Furthermore, the invention relates to methods for controlling unwanted vegetation wherein said malonamide compounds or the corresponding compositions are applied.

##STR00001##

The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof:
X-A-Y-L-R(I)
which inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV life cycle of the hepatitis B virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject suffering from HBV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HBV infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one by a short-step and simple method from raw materials that are procurable easily and inexpensively, using, as a raw material, a 1,3-dioxane that is a mixture containing a 1,3-dioxolane. Provided is a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one, including using a mixture of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a compound represented by the following formula (II) as a raw material, the method including a step of oxidizing the mixture under an oxidative esterification condition (step 2): ##STR00001##
wherein, in the formulae (I) and (II), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group for constituting a ring structure.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one by a short-step and simple method from raw materials that are procurable easily and inexpensively, using, as a raw material, a 1,3-dioxane that is a mixture containing a 1,3-dioxolane. Provided is a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one, including using a mixture of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a compound represented by the following formula (II) as a raw material, the method including a step of oxidizing the mixture under an oxidative esterification condition (step 2): ##STR00001##
wherein, in the formulae (I) and (II), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group for constituting a ring structure.

The present invention is to provide a method of producing a glyceric acid ester which is easy for production and high in yield, and in which a pyridine to be used for the reaction is easily reused. Provided is a method of producing a compound represented by the following formula (II), including a step of oxidatively esterifying Compound A represented by the following formula (I) with Compound B selected from an organic nitroxyl radical, an N-hydroxy form thereof, and a salt containing an oxo ammonium cation of them, and an oxidizing agent in the presence of a pyridine having an alkyl substituent, wherein the use amount of Compound B is 0.0001 or more and 0.1 or less in terms of a molar ratio relative to Compound A: ##STR00001##
wherein, in the formulae (I) and (II), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group for constituting a ring structure.

The present invention is to provide a method of producing a glyceric acid ester which is easy for production and high in yield, and in which a pyridine to be used for the reaction is easily reused. Provided is a method of producing a compound represented by the following formula (II), including a step of oxidatively esterifying Compound A represented by the following formula (I) with Compound B selected from an organic nitroxyl radical, an N-hydroxy form thereof, and a salt containing an oxo ammonium cation of them, and an oxidizing agent in the presence of a pyridine having an alkyl substituent, wherein the use amount of Compound B is 0.0001 or more and 0.1 or less in terms of a molar ratio relative to Compound A: ##STR00001##
wherein, in the formulae (I) and (II), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group for constituting a ring structure.