A medical lubricant may comprise a base oil. The medical lubricant can be used on a surgical device.

The application provides a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery, including a non-aqueous organic solvent and lithium salt, and the non-aqueous electrolyte further includes one or more selected from the compounds represented by Formula 1 and Formula 2. R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group and ether group and unsaturated hydrocarbon group, and at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is the substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated hydrocarbon group, and R.sub.5 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group and ether group; R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group and ether group and unsaturated hydrocarbon group, provided that at least one of R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 is the substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated hydrocarbon group. The application also provides a lithium ion battery including the non-aqueous electrolyte.

##STR00001##

The disclosure relates to an aqueous acidizing fluid. In addition to an acid, the fluid contains an organophosphorus surfactant and/or an acid retarder. The organophosphorus surfactant may be an amino phosphonate or a phosphino carboxylate. The acid retarder comprises the combination of urea or a urea derivative and a bifunctional organic compound. Suitable bifunctional organic compounds contain at least one quaternary ammonium or phosphonium and at least one alcohol as well as salts of nitrogen containing heterocyclic rings.

The present invention relates to prevention of congenital deformations. The invention further relates to cancer inhibition and prevention. The invention further relates to methods and compositions to modulate, antagonize, or agonize disparate signaling pathways that may converge to regulate patterning events and gene expression during prenatal development, postnatal development, and during development in the adult, organism. The invention also relates to activators or deactivators of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) for the treatment, prevention, or amelioration of diseases related to PKM2 function.

An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery according to exemplary embodiments of the present inventing includes an organic solvent, a lithium salt, a first additive represented by a predetermined chemical formula, and a second additive represented by a predetermined chemical formula. A protective film is formed by the additives to suppress an expansion of a lithium secondary battery and improve storage property at high temperature.

The present invention relates to prevention of congenital deformations. The invention further relates to cancer inhibition and prevention. The invention further relates to methods and compositions to modulate, antagonize, or agonize disparate signaling pathways that may converge to regulate patterning events and gene expression during prenatal development, post-natal development, and during development in the adult organism. The invention also relates to activators or deactivators of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) for the treatment, prevention, or amelioration of diseases related to PKM2 function.

A drug or agent containing a compound having an agonistic activity to STING as an active ingredient, where the compound is represented by the following general formula (I-1):

##STR00001##

wherein all symbols represent the same meanings as described in the specification, and the compound can be used as an active ingredient of an agent for suppressing the progression of, suppressing the recurrence of and/or treating cancer or infectious disease.

A drug or agent containing a compound having an agonistic activity to STING as an active ingredient, where the compound is represented by the following general formula (I-1): ##STR00001##
wherein all symbols represent the same meanings as described in the specification, and the compound can be used as an active ingredient of an agent for suppressing the progression of, suppressing the recurrence of and/or treating cancer or infectious disease.

The silyl phosphine compound is represented by the following general formula (1). A content of a compound represented by the following general formula (2) is not more than 0.3 mol %. In the general formula (1), each R is independently an alkyl group having not less than 1 and not more than 5 carbon atoms or an aryl group having not less than 6 and not more than 10 carbon atoms. In the general formula (2), R is the same as in the general formula (1).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode including a positive active material, the positive active material including a nickel-containing lithium transition metal compound; a negative electrode including a negative active material; and an electrolyte including a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an additive comprising a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, wherein the content of Ni is 60 mol % or more based on 100 mol % of the total transition metals in the lithium transition metal compound. ##STR00001## wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, A is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic chain or (—C.sub.2H.sub.4—O—C.sub.2H.sub.4—)n, and n is an integer from 1 to 10.