Method for the production of tetrakis(trihydrocarbylphosphane)palladium(0) in organic solvent, whereby 50 to 100% by weight of the organic solvent consist of at least one polar-aprotic solvent, characterised in that a) at least one palladium compound selected from the group consisting of palladium(II) compounds and palladium(IV) compounds that are soluble in the organic solvent is reacted with b) at least one base, selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, alkali metal-C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alcoholates, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkaline earth metal hydrogen carbonates, alkaline earth metal-C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alcoholates, and alkylamines with a total of 2 to 12 carbon atoms; c) at least one trihydrocarbylphosphane; and d) at least one organic reducing agent that is different from the remaining components that are used in the method.

Disclosed is a new polyolefin catalyst and preparation therefor. Specifically, disclosed is a catalytic system comprising a new complex of iron, cobalt, nickel, palladium, and platinum. In the presence of the catalytic system, oily polyethylene can be efficiently obtained from simple olefins such as ethylene under mild conditions, highly branched oily alkane mixture is then obtained after hydrogenation. The alkane mixture can be used as a processing aid and a high-performance lubricant base oil. The present invention also provides a method for preparing the catalyst, a method for preparing the highly branched oily alkane mixture and a method for preparing functional polyolefin oil.

Disclosed are methods of selective cysteine and selenocysteine modification on peptide/protein molecules under physiologically relevant conditions. The methods feature several advantages over existing methods of peptide modification, such as specificity towards thiols and selenols over other nucleophiles (e.g., amines, hydroxyls), excellent functional group tolerance, and mild reaction conditions, including completely aqueous reaction conditions. Also disclosed are methods of preparing palladium complexes in the presence of oxygen.

In one aspect, phosphine compounds comprising three adamantyl moieties (PAd.sub.3) and associated synthetic routes are described herein. Each adamantyl moiety may be the same or different. For example, each adamantyl moiety (Ad) attached to the phosphorus atom can be independently selected from the group consisting of adamantane, diamantane, triamantane and derivatives thereof. Transition metal complexes comprising PAd.sub.3 ligands are also provided for catalytic synthesis including catalytic cross-coupling reactions.

Provided herein are palladium (Pd) catalysts with improved performance in biological environments. In particular, formulations, methods of preparations, and storage conditions are provided that provide improved performance of Pd catalysts under protein-rich conditions.

Method for the production of tetrakis(trihydrocarbylphosphane)palladium(0) in organic solvent, whereby 50 to 100% by weight of the organic solvent consist of at least one polar-aprotic solvent, characterised in that a) at least one palladium compound selected from the group consisting of palladium(II) compounds and palladium(IV) compounds that are soluble in the organic solvent is reacted with b) at least one base, selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, alkali metal-C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alcoholates, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkaline earth metal hydrogen carbonates, alkaline earth metal-C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alcoholates, and alkylamines with a total of 2 to 12 carbon atoms; c) at least one trihydrocarbylphosphane; and d) at least one organic reducing agent that is different from the remaining components that are used in the method.

Oxygen sensing luminescent dyes, polymers and sensors comprising these sensors and methods of using these sensors and systems are provided.

We report the design of a catalytic, bifunctional template that binds heterocyclic substrate via reversible coordination instead of covalent linkage, allowing remote site-selective CH olefination of heterocycles. The two metal centers coordinated to this template play different roles; anchoring substrates to the proximity of catalyst and cleaving the remote CH bonds respectively. Using this strategy, we demonstrate remote site-selective CH olefination of heterocyclic substrates which do not have functional group handles for covalently attaching templates. For instance the olefination can be an alkenylation of a 3-phenylpyridine with an acrylate alkyl ester selective for the meta position of the phenyl group with respect to the pyridine, or can be an alkenylation of a quinoline with an acrylate alkyl ester selective for the 5-position of the quinoline.

The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a complex of formula (I): comprising the step of reacting Pd(diolefin)X.sub.2 or PdX.sub.2 and PR.sub.1R.sub.2R.sub.3 in a solvent to form the complex of formula (I), wherein the process is carried out in the absence of a base, the molar ratio of Pd(diolefin)X.sub.2:PR.sub.1R.sub.2R.sub.3 or PdX.sub.2:PR.sub.1R.sub.2R.sub.3 is greater than 1:1.1, up to about 1:2.5; each X is independently a halide; and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of tert-butyl and isopropyl.

A pair of electrodes; and a reactive layer electrically in contact with the pair of electrodes are included. The reactive layer includes a palladium metal complex represented by General formula (1) below, and a change in electric conductivity between the pair of electrodes is measured to detect a reducing gas. The change is caused by an irreversible redox reaction between the palladium metal complex and the reducing gas.

##STR00001##

where each of OR.sub.1 to OR.sub.4 is a monodentate ligand, or forms a polydentate ligand by bonding to each other, or forms a bridging ligand by bonding to a palladium atom different from the palladium atom in General formula (1), and R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 each have one or more carbons and may be the same or different.