The present disclosure discusses methods for producing stereoisomerically enriched carbohydrate-based surfactants. In particular, methods of the invention include producing stereoisomerically enriched hydrophobic portion of the carbohydrate-based surfactants.

The present disclosure discusses methods for producing stereoisomerically enriched carbohydrate-based surfactants. In particular, methods of the invention include producing stereoisomerically enriched hydrophobic portion of the carbohydrate-based surfactants.

A rhamnolipid ester is useful as a cosmetic additive. A method of its production involves providing at least one rhamnolipid, reacting the at least one rhamnolipid with at least one coupling reagent, reacting the at least one rhamnolipid with a polyhydric alcohol having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, and optionally purifying the at least one rhamnolipid ester.

A rhamnolipid ester is useful as a cosmetic additive. A method of its production involves providing at least one rhamnolipid, reacting the at least one rhamnolipid with at least one coupling reagent, reacting the at least one rhamnolipid with a polyhydric alcohol having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, and optionally purifying the at least one rhamnolipid ester.

The present invention relates to neisserial LPS having a hexa-acylated lipid A moiety, wherein the hexa-acylated lipid A moiety is modified as compared to the lipid A moiety of a wild-type neisserial LPS in that it comprises a palmitoleoyl instead of a lauroyl secondary acyl chain on the glucosamine at the non-reducing end of the lipid A moiety. The invention further relates to mixtures of the hexa-acylated LPS with the corresponding penta-acylated LPS, lacking a secondary acyl chain on the glucosamine at the non-reducing end of the lipid A moiety. The invention also relates to neisserial bacteria that have been genetically modified to reduce expression of the endogenous 1pxL1 gene and to introduce expression of a heterologous thermosensitive 1pxP gene for producing the hexa- and penta-acylated LPS. By selecting the time and/or temperature at which the bacterium is grown, it is feasible to increase or decrease the amount of hexa-acylated lipid A structure relative to the corresponding penta-acylated structure and thereby modulate the TLR4 agonist activity of the neisserial LPS of the invention, to the exact level of activity required for a particular immunotherapeutic approach.

The present invention relates to neisserial LPS having a hexa-acylated lipid A moiety, wherein the hexa-acylated lipid A moiety is modified as compared to the lipid A moiety of a wild-type neisserial LPS in that it comprises a palmitoleoyl instead of a lauroyl secondary acyl chain on the glucosamine at the non-reducing end of the lipid A moiety. The invention further relates to mixtures of the hexa-acylated LPS with the corresponding penta-acylated LPS, lacking a secondary acyl chain on the glucosamine at the non-reducing end of the lipid A moiety. The invention also relates to neisserial bacteria that have been genetically modified to reduce expression of the endogenous 1pxL1 gene and to introduce expression of a heterologous thermosensitive 1pxP gene for producing the hexa- and penta-acylated LPS. By selecting the time and/or temperature at which the bacterium is grown, it is feasible to increase or decrease the amount of hexa-acylated lipid A structure relative to the corresponding penta-acylated structure and thereby modulate the TLR4 agonist activity of the neisserial LPS of the invention, to the exact level of activity required for a particular immunotherapeutic approach.

The present invention relates to neisserial LPS having a tetra-acylated lipid A moiety, wherein the tetra-acylated lipid A moiety is modified as compared to the lipid A moiety of a wild-type neisserial LPS in that it lacks one of the secondary acyl chains and lacks a primary acyl chain on the 3-position of the glucosamine at the reducing end of the lipid A moiety. The invention further relates to neisserial bacteria that have been genetically modified to reduce expression of either one of the endogenous lpxL1 or lpxL2 genes and to introduce expression of a heterologous pagL gene. The neisserial LPS of the invention has TLR4 agonist properties and is therefore useful in compositions for inducing or stimulating immune responses, such as vaccines, as well as in other forms of immunotherapy.

The present invention relates to neisserial LPS having a tetra-acylated lipid A moiety, wherein the tetra-acylated lipid A moiety is modified as compared to the lipid A moiety of a wild-type neisserial LPS in that it lacks one of the secondary acyl chains and lacks a primary acyl chain on the 3-position of the glucosamine at the reducing end of the lipid A moiety. The invention further relates to neisserial bacteria that have been genetically modified to reduce expression of either one of the endogenous lpxL1 or lpxL2 genes and to introduce expression of a heterologous pagL gene. The neisserial LPS of the invention has TLR4 agonist properties and is therefore useful in compositions for inducing or stimulating immune responses, such as vaccines, as well as in other forms of immunotherapy.

The present invention relates to neisserial LPS having a hexa-acylated lipid A moiety, wherein the hexa-acylated lipid A moiety is modified as compared to the lipid A moiety of a wild-type neisserial LPS in that it comprises a palmitoleoyl instead of a lauroyl secondary acyl chain on the glucosamine at the non-reducing end of the lipid A moiety. The invention further relates to mixtures of the hexa-acylated LPS with the corresponding penta-acylated LPS, lacking a secondary acyl chain on the glucosamine at the non-reducing end of the lipid A moiety. The invention also relates to neisserial bacteria that have been genetically modified to reduce expression of the endogenous lpxL1 gene and to introduce expression of a heterologous thermosensitive lpxP gene for producing the hexa- and penta-acylated LPS. By selecting the time and/or temperature at which the bacterium is grown, it is feasible to increase or decrease the amount of hexa-acylated lipid A structure relative to the corresponding penta-acylated structure and thereby modulate the TLR4 agonist activity of the neisserial LPS of the invention, to the exact level of activity required for a particular immunotherapeutic approach.

The present invention relates to neisserial LPS having a hexa-acylated lipid A moiety, wherein the hexa-acylated lipid A moiety is modified as compared to the lipid A moiety of a wild-type neisserial LPS in that it comprises a palmitoleoyl instead of a lauroyl secondary acyl chain on the glucosamine at the non-reducing end of the lipid A moiety. The invention further relates to mixtures of the hexa-acylated LPS with the corresponding penta-acylated LPS, lacking a secondary acyl chain on the glucosamine at the non-reducing end of the lipid A moiety. The invention also relates to neisserial bacteria that have been genetically modified to reduce expression of the endogenous lpxL1 gene and to introduce expression of a heterologous thermosensitive lpxP gene for producing the hexa- and penta-acylated LPS. By selecting the time and/or temperature at which the bacterium is grown, it is feasible to increase or decrease the amount of hexa-acylated lipid A structure relative to the corresponding penta-acylated structure and thereby modulate the TLR4 agonist activity of the neisserial LPS of the invention, to the exact level of activity required for a particular immunotherapeutic approach.