Image rotation in an endoscopic hyperspectral, fluorescence, and/or laser mapping imaging system is described. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a rotation sensor for detecting an angle of rotation of a lumen relative to a handpiece of an endoscope. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises one or more of a hyperspectral emission, a fluorescence emission, and/or a laser mapping pattern.

Devices and methods are disclosed related to combined ultrasonic stimulation and photometry. A device can include an ultrasonic transducer and an optical delivery element integrated with the ultrasonic transducer. The ultrasonic transducer can deliver ultrasound energy at a tip of the optical delivery element. In certain embodiments, the optical delivery element can be an optical fiber. A detector can generate an indication of a cell response associated with the delivered ultrasound energy.

An imaging system, such as a surgical microscope, laparoscope, or endoscope or integrated with these devices, includes an illuminator providing patterned white light and/or fluorescent stimulus light. The system receives and images light hyperspectrally, in embodiments using a hyperspectral imaging array, and/or using narrowband tunable filters for passing filtered received light to an imager. Embodiments may construct a 3-D surface model from stereo images, and will estimate optical properties of the target using images taken in patterned light or using other approximations obtained from white light exposures. Hyperspectral images taken under stimulus light are displayed as fluorescent images, and corrected for optical properties of tissue to provide quantitative maps of fluorophore concentration. Spectral information from hyperspectral images is processed to provide depth of fluorophore below the tissue surface. Quantitative images of fluorescence at depth are also prepared. The images are displayed to a surgeon for use in surgery.

Methods, apparatuses, systems, and implementations for inductive heating of a foreign metallic implant are disclosed. A foreign metallic implant may be heated via AMF pulses to ensure that the surface of the foreign metallic implant heats in a uniform manner. As the surface temperature of the foreign metallic implant rises, acoustic signatures may be detected by acoustic sensors that may indicate that tissue may be heating to an undesirable level approaching a boiling point. Once these acoustic signatures are detected, the AMF pulses may be shut off for a time period to allow the surface temperature of the implant to cool before applying additional AMF pulses. In this manner, the surface temperature of a foreign metallic implant may be uniformly heated to a temperature adequate to treat bacterial biofilm buildup on the surface of the foreign metallic implant without damaging surrounding tissue. The AMF pulse treatment can be combined with an antibacterial/antimicrobial treatment regimen to reduce the time and/or antibacterial dosage amount needed to remove the biofilm from the metallic implant.

An observation device is an observation device observing an observation target and includes: an emission light source that generates emission light; a projection light source that generates projection light; a scanning mirror that scans the emission light and the projection light toward the observation target along the same optical path; a light guide optical system that guides detection target light generated in the observation target in accordance with emission of the emission light without it passing through the scanning mirror; an optical detector that detects the detection target light guided by the light guide optical system; and a control unit that controls an intensity of the projection light on the basis of a result of the detection of the detection target light.

Pulsed hyperspectral, fluorescence, and laser mapping imaging without input clock or data transmission clock is disclosed. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a plurality of bidirectional data pads and a controller in communication with the image sensor. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises one or more of: electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 513 nm to about 545 nm, from about 565 nm to about 585 nm, from about 900 nm to about 1000 nm, an excitation wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that causes a reagent to fluoresce, or a laser mapping pattern.

A stimulation system includes an energy source, an electronics unit with a controller, and an actuator that is coupled with the electronics unit and/or the energy source. The actuator emits electromagnetic waves for stimulation of genetically manipulated tissue. The electronics unit is disposed in a housing. The stimulation system is configured for at least temporary implantation in a human or animal body. The controller controls the stimulation of tissue in the body by way of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the actuator. A selector of the stimulation system selects the area of the said tissue for stimulation. The selector includes a masking device for masking certain areas of the tissue, so that an intensity of the stimulation for the masked areas is reduced or equal to zero.

An optical probe assembly as a confocal endomicroscope includes an optical focusing stage that focuses an output beam onto a sample and a mirror scanning stage that is movable for scanning the output beam in both a lateral two dimensional plane and an axial direction, using a side-view configuration. The side-view configuration allows for output beam illumination and fluorescent imaging of the sample with greater imaging resolution and improved access to hard to reach tissue within a subject.

A tracer detection device includes an enclosed body, and a plurality of tracer sensors, a battery, a memory, and a transmitter, each disposed within the enclosed body. The plurality of tracer sensors is configured to detect measurement values at a surface and underneath the surface of a gastrointestinal tract. The battery is configured to power the plurality of tracer sensors. The memory is configured to receive measurement values detected by the plurality of tracer sensors. The transmitter is configured to transmit measurement values detected by the plurality of tracer sensors to an external device after the enclosed body has passed through the gastrointestinal tract. The enclosed body includes a steering feature that ensures the enclosed body is oriented in an intended direction. The plurality of tracer sensors triggers release of a drug. The plurality of tracer sensors estimate distances to gastrointestinal walls for normalizing signals.

Method and apparatus embodiments can generate a volume fluorescence image of a tooth. Method and apparatus embodiments can project structured light patterns onto a tooth and generate a contour (volume) image of the tooth surface from acquired corresponding structured light projection images; then acquire one or more fluorescence images of the tooth generated under blue-UV illumination. A composite image that shows fluorescence image content mapped to the generated contour image can be transmitted, stored, modified and/or displayed.