A apparatus for obtaining an individualized unit spectrum includes: a spectrum obtainer configured to obtain a first biological spectrum from a subject at a first measurement time, and obtain a second biological spectrum from the subject at a second measurement time; and a processor configured to extract the individualized unit spectrum from the first biological spectrum and the second biological spectrum, based on a predetermined unit spectrum of a target component.

The present disclosure relates to devices, systems and methods for extracting physiological information indicative of at least one vital sign of a subject. An embodiment of a device comprises a pre-treatment unit configured to derive at least three detection signals from electromagnetic radiation reflected from a skin region of a subject, wherein at least two detection signals comprise wavelength-dependent reflection information in a different wavelength channel and at least two detection signals comprise reflection information in different polarization channels having different polarization directions.

The present relates, in general terms, to a device for monitoring oxidative stress in a sample, a method of making the device and a method of monitoring oxidative stress in a sample thereof.

A system for determining characteristics of tissue within a body of a patient may include a medical device. The medical device may include a distal end configured to be advanced within the body of the patient; at least one aperture at the distal end; a laser emitter operable to emit monochromatic light out from the distal end via the at least one aperture and onto target tissue; and at least one photodetector array. The at least one photodetector array may be configured to: receive light incident on the at least one aperture that is one or more of scattered by or reflected from the target tissue; and generate Raman spectroscopy image data based on monochromatic light incident on the at least one aperture, the Raman spectroscopy image data including an array of intensity values.

A method for obtaining a near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) cerebral signal in a subject includes: placing a near-infrared emitter and respective proximal and distal near-infrared detectors on a skin of a head of a subject; during a baseline recording stage with the subject in resting-state, record near-infrared signals, the recorded signals including a baseline deep-signal and a baseline shallow-signal; calculate a scaling factor between amplitudes of the baseline deep-signal and the baseline shallow-signal at a given task-frequency; with the subject undergoing a cyclic cerebral stimulation at the task-frequency during a stimulation recording stage, record near-infrared signals, the recorded signals comprising a shallow-signal and a deep-signal; and applying the scaling factor to the shallow-signal, calculating the cerebral signal at the task-frequency as a difference between the deep-signal and the scaled shallow-signal, at the task-frequency.

Methods and systems for collecting and analyzing blood are provided. The methods and systems generally operate by collecting a blood sample on a portion of a lancet and subjecting the blood sample to optical spectroscopy.

Embodiments herein relate to devices and methods for assessing deep tissue temperature using optical sensing. In an embodiment an optical temperature monitoring device is included having an optical emitter, wherein the optical emitter is configured to emit light at a first wavelength from 100 nm to 2000 nm. The optical temperature monitoring device also includes an optical detector configured to detect incident light. The optical temperature monitoring device can be configured so that the light from the optical emitter propagates at a depth of at least 1 cm through tissue as measured from a surface of the optical temperature monitoring device and back to the optical detector and the incident light detected by the optical detector is used to determine a temperature of the tissue at depths of at least 1 cm as measured from a surface of the optical temperature monitoring device. Other embodiments are also included herein.

A contact-type endoscope surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probe includes a gradient-index (GRIN) lens, a transparent substrate adhered to the GRIN lens, and a rough metallic layer adhered to an opposite side of the transparent substrate from the GRIN lens. The GRIN lens focuses light from a Raman spectrometer onto the rough metallic layer, and the rough metallic layer is positioned at the distal end of the contact-type endoscope SERS probe.

Ablation visualization and monitoring systems and methods are provided. In some embodiments, such methods comprise applying ablation energy to a tissue to form a lesion in the tissue, illuminating the tissue with a light to excite NADH in the tissue, wherein the tissue is illuminated in a radial direction, an axial direction, or both, monitoring a level of NADH fluorescence in the illuminated tissue to determine when the level of NADH fluorescence decreases from a base level in the beginning of the ablating to a predetermined lower level, and stopping ablation of the tissue when the level of NADH fluorescence reaches the predetermined lower level.

Certain aspects of the disclosure are directed to an apparatus including a scale and external circuitry. The scale includes a platform, and data-procurement circuitry for collecting signals indicative of the user's identity and cardio-physiological measurements. The scale includes processing circuitry to process data obtained by the data-procurement circuitry, therefrom generate cardio-related physiologic data, and to send user data to the external circuitry. The external circuitry identifies a risk that the user has a condition based on the reference information and the user data provided by the scale and outputs generic information correlating to the condition to the scale that is tailored based on the identified risk.