The subject invention relates in part to the surprising discovery that Cry1Da is active against corn earworm (CEW), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Methods for using Cry1Da in transgenic plants to prevent serious crop damage is described. Leaf and silk bioassays using transgenic maize expressing full length, core toxin region or chimeric Cry1Da demonstrated good insect protection against CEW larvae damage.

A nucleotide sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO.1. The gene encodes mannosyltransferase I. The gene plays an important role in the normal reproductive development of the Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Inhibition of the function of the gene may reduce the survival rate of the Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and hinder embryonic development. With respect to reduction of the survival rate of the Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and hindering of embryonic development, the present invention can reduce the harm of the Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) to rice by killing the Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). By using the characteristic that the nucleotide sequence of a highly conserved target gene has no homology with the nucleotide sequence of natural enemies of the Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), RNA interference is performed at a nucleic acid level, to avoid the harm to non-target organisms such as natural enemies, thereby realizing green control of the Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) while controlling pests.

A nucleotide sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO.1. The gene encodes mannosyltransferase I. The gene plays an important role in the normal reproductive development of the Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Inhibition of the function of the gene may reduce the survival rate of the Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and hinder embryonic development. With respect to reduction of the survival rate of the Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and hindering of embryonic development, the present invention can reduce the harm of the Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) to rice by killing the Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). By using the characteristic that the nucleotide sequence of a highly conserved target gene has no homology with the nucleotide sequence of natural enemies of the Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), RNA interference is performed at a nucleic acid level, to avoid the harm to non-target organisms such as natural enemies, thereby realizing green control of the Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) while controlling pests.

New insecticidal proteins, nucleotides, peptides, their expression in plants, methods of producing the peptides, new processes, production techniques, new peptides, new formulations, and new organisms, a process which increases the insecticidal peptide production yield from yeast expression systems. The present invention is also related and discloses selected endotoxins we call cysteine rich insecticidal peptides (CRIPS) which are peptides derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and their genes and endotoxins in combination with toxic peptides known as Inhibitor Cystine Knot (ICK) genes and peptides as well as with other types of insecticidal peptides such as trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF) peptide sequences used in various formulations and combinations; of both genes and peptides, useful for the control of insects.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a) recombinant exosporium-producing Bacillus cells that express a fusion protein comprising: (i) at least one plant growth stimulating protein or peptide and (ii) a targeting sequence that localizes the fusion protein to the exosporium of the Bacillus cells; and b) at least one further biological control agent selected from particular microorganisms disclosed herein and/or a mutant of a specific strain of a microorganism disclosed herein having all identifying characteristics of the respective strain, and/or at least one metabolite produced by the respective strain, and/or at least one metabolite produced by the respective strain that exhibits activity against insects, mites, nematodes and/or phytopathogens in a synergistically effective amount. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of this composition as well as a method for enhancing plant growth, promoting plant health, and/or reducing overall damage of plants and plant parts.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a) recombinant exosporium-producing Bacillus cells that express a fusion protein comprising: (i) at least one plant growth stimulating protein or peptide and (ii) a targeting sequence that localizes the fusion protein to the exosporium of the Bacillus cells; and b) at least one further biological control agent selected from particular microorganisms disclosed herein and/or a mutant of a specific strain of a microorganism disclosed herein having all identifying characteristics of the respective strain, and/or at least one metabolite produced by the respective strain, and/or at least one metabolite produced by the respective strain that exhibits activity against insects, mites, nematodes and/or phytopathogens in a synergistically effective amount. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of this composition as well as a method for enhancing plant growth, promoting plant health, and/or reducing overall damage of plants and plant parts.

Methods for controlling plant pests are disclosed. In particular, insecticidal proteins having toxicity to Spodoptera insect pests are provided. Polynucleotides comprising codons optimized for expression in plants encoding the insecticidal proteins are also provided. Methods of making the insecticidal proteins and methods of using the insecticidal proteins and polynucleotides encoding the insecticidal proteins of the invention, for example in transgenic plants to confer protection from insect damage, are also disclosed.

Methods for controlling plant pests are disclosed. In particular, insecticidal proteins having toxicity to Spodoptera insect pests are provided. Polynucleotides comprising codons optimized for expression in plants encoding the insecticidal proteins are also provided. Methods of making the insecticidal proteins and methods of using the insecticidal proteins and polynucleotides encoding the insecticidal proteins of the invention, for example in transgenic plants to confer protection from insect damage, are also disclosed.

Novel insecticidal proteins that are toxic to lepidopteran pests are disclosed. The DNA encoding the insecticidal proteins can be used to transform prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms to express the insecticidal proteins. The recombinant organisms or compositions containing the recombinant organisms or the insecticidal proteins alone or in combination with an appropriate agricultural carrier can be used to control lepidopteran pests in various environments.

Novel insecticidal proteins that are toxic to lepidopteran pests are disclosed. The DNA encoding the insecticidal proteins can be used to transform prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms to express the insecticidal proteins. The recombinant organisms or compositions containing the recombinant organisms or the insecticidal proteins alone or in combination with an appropriate agricultural carrier can be used to control lepidopteran pests in various environments.