An apparatus for obtaining bio information includes: a first electrode portion including a current electrode and a voltage electrode arranged to contact a first body portion of a subject; a second electrode portion including a current electrode and a voltage electrode arranged to contact a second body portion of the subject; and a measuring unit configured to measure a bio impedance of the subject by applying a current to the current electrodes of the first and second electrode portions and detecting a voltage at the voltage electrodes of the first and second electrode portions. In order to decrease errors of a measured bio impedance, contact resistances of the first and second body portions of the subject contacting the current electrode and the first and second body portions of the subject contacting the voltage electrode are different from each other, for at least one of the first and second electrode portions.

An apparatus for obtaining bio information includes: a first electrode portion including a current electrode and a voltage electrode arranged to contact a first body portion of a subject; a second electrode portion including a current electrode and a voltage electrode arranged to contact a second body portion of the subject; and a measuring unit configured to measure a bio impedance of the subject by applying a current to the current electrodes of the first and second electrode portions and detecting a voltage at the voltage electrodes of the first and second electrode portions. In order to decrease errors of a measured bio impedance, contact resistances of the first and second body portions of the subject contacting the current electrode and the first and second body portions of the subject contacting the voltage electrode are different from each other, for at least one of the first and second electrode portions.

A continuously hollow device for the transfer of fluids to the human body is provided, which is made in a nanomaterial derived from latex, which chemical composition in based primarily on fats, waxes and several gummy resins obtained from cytoplasm of lactic cells. This biochemically modified material is capable of adjusting its outer and inner diameter, i.e. it enlarges or shrinks according to the needs of the patient. The device corresponds to a needle or the like (catheter), which allows to have a very small diameter so as to be inserted in the patient (minimally invasive procedure) and after a physical excitation of such nanomaterial, it can be extended once inserted in the body so as to allow the intake or discharge of fluids to or from the body through a catheter, probe or the like.

The present disclosure provides an improved guidewire assembly including a sensor disposed on a distal portion thereof and a proximal connector disposed on a proximal portion thereof for electrically coupling the guidewire assembly to an external device. The proximal connector comprises at least one proximal contact and at least one reflowed insulative element disposed adjacent the at least one proximal contact.

The present disclosure provides an improved guidewire assembly including a sensor disposed on a distal portion thereof and a proximal connector disposed on a proximal portion thereof for electrically coupling the guidewire assembly to an external device. The proximal connector comprises at least one proximal contact and at least one reflowed insulative element disposed adjacent the at least one proximal contact.

Provided according to embodiments of the present invention are methods of monitoring individuals that include securing a photoplethysmography probe to at least one of a pre-auricular region and a post-auricular region of the individual and obtaining photoplethysmography signals from the photoplethysmography probe. Photoplethysmography probes and helmets related to such methods are also described herein.

An optical sensor is provided. The optical sensor has an emitting system including at least one light emitting device which emits light onto an object; and a detecting system detecting the light which has been emitted by the emitting system and which has propagated through the object. The light emitting device is capable of emitting a plurality of light beams with different wavelengths onto substantially the same position of the object.

A prosthetic heart valve includes a frame, a valve, and an expansion element. The frame is movable between contracted and expanded configurations and includes first struts and second struts non-hingedly coupled together. The second struts are configured to pivot relative to the first struts as the frame moves between the contracted and expanded configurations. The valve is coupled to the frame and includes leaflets. The expansion element extends through a lumen of the first struts. The expansion element is slidable relative to the lumen of the first struts and is configured to move the frame incrementally from the contracted configuration and the expanded configuration and from the expanded configuration to the contracted configuration.

A system for analyzing tissue includes a platform and an optical sensing unit coupled to the platform. The optical sensing unit has a detector and a plurality of light sources surrounding and electrically isolated from the detector. The optical sensing units obtain optical data for tissue analysis.

A blood-vessel recognition blood-flow measurement method including: obtaining a real-time Doppler spectrum by performing a Fourier transform on a temporal waveform of the intensity of scattered light of laser light in a living body; calculating a normalized real-time Doppler spectrum and a normalized zero spectrum; calculating a region spectrum from a subtracted spectrum that is calculated through subtraction of these calculated spectra; calculating a PS reference spectrum by subtracting, from the region spectrum, the maximum value of the region spectrum in a predetermined PS reference region; calculating an average frequency on the basis of a computational spectrum that is obtained by replacing an element of which the PS reference spectrum is negative with zero; and determining a blood flow velocity by comparing the calculated average frequency with a predetermined threshold.