Methods for synthesizing a water-soluble titanium-silicon complex are disclosed herein. The titanium-silicon complex can be utilized to produce titanated solid oxide supports and titanated chromium supported catalysts. The titanated chromium supported catalysts subsequently can be used to polymerize olefins to produce, for example, ethylene based homopolymer and copolymers.

Methods for synthesizing a water-soluble titanium-silicon complex are disclosed herein. The titanium-silicon complex can be utilized to produce titanated solid oxide supports and titanated chromium supported catalysts. The titanated chromium supported catalysts subsequently can be used to polymerize olefins to produce, for example, ethylene based homopolymer and copolymers.

Methods for synthesizing a water-soluble titanium-silicon complex are disclosed herein. The titanium-silicon complex can be utilized to produce titanated solid oxide supports and titanated chromium supported catalysts. The titanated chromium supported catalysts subsequently can be used to polymerize olefins to produce, for example, ethylene based homopolymer and copolymers.

A method of preparing a catalyst comprising a) contacting a non-aqueous solvent, a carboxylic acid, and a chromium-containing compound to form an acidic mixture; b) contacting a titanium-containing compound with the acidic mixture to form a titanium treatment solution; c) contacting a pre-formed silica-support comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water with the titanium treatment solution to form a pre-catalyst; and d) thermally treating the pre-catalyst to form the catalyst. A method of preparing a catalyst comprising a) contacting a non-aqueous solvent and a carboxylic acid to form an acidic mixture; b) contacting a titanium-containing compound with the acidic mixture to form a titanium treatment solution; c) contacting a pre-formed chrominated silica-support comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water with the titanium treatment solution to form a pre-catalyst; and d) thermally treating the pre-catalyst to form the catalyst.

A catalyst for the homopolymerization or copolymerization of CH.sub.2CHR olefins, made from or containing the product obtained by contacting: (i) a solid catalyst component made from or containing Ti, Mg, Cl, and an internal electron donor compound, wherein the solid catalyst component contains from about 0.1 to about 50 wt % of Bi, based upon the total weight of the solid catalyst component; (ii) an alkyl aluminum compound and, (iii) an external electron donor compound having the formula:

(R1)aSi(OR2)b

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals with 1-8 carbon atoms and a is 0 or 1 and a+b=4.

A method of preparing a catalyst support comprising contacting an acid-soluble titanium-containing compound with an acid to form a first mixture; contacting the first mixture with an alkali metal silicate to form a hydrogel which has a silica content of from about 18 wt. % to about 35 wt. % based on the total weight of the hydrogel; contacting the hydrogel with an alkaline solution to form an aged hydrogel; washing the aged hydrogel to form a washed hydrogel; and drying the washed hydrogel to produce a titanium-containing-silica support wherein the support has a pore volume equal to or greater than about 1.4 cm.sup.3/g.

A method of preparing a catalyst support comprising contacting an acid-soluble titanium-containing compound with an acid to form a first mixture; contacting the first mixture with an alkali metal silicate to form a hydrogel which has a silica content of from about 18 wt. % to about 35 wt. % based on the total weight of the hydrogel; contacting the hydrogel with an alkaline solution to form an aged hydrogel; washing the aged hydrogel to form a washed hydrogel; and drying the washed hydrogel to produce a titanium-containing-silica support wherein the support has a pore volume equal to or greater than about 1.4 cm.sup.3/g.

A polymer having a long chain branching content peaking at greater than about 20 long chain branches per million carbon atoms, and a polydispersity index of greater than about 10 wherein the long chain branching decreases to approximately zero at the higher molecular weight portion of the molecular weight distribution. A polymer having a long chain branching content peaking at greater than about 8 long chain branches per million carbon atoms, a polydispersity index of greater than about 20 wherein the long chain branching decreases to approximately zero at the higher molecular weight portion of the molecular weight distribution. A polymer having a long chain branching content peaking at greater than about 1 long chain branches per chain, and a polydispersity index of greater than about 10 wherein the long chain branching decreases to approximately zero at the higher molecular weight portion of the molecular weight distribution.

The present application is directed to a catalyst comprising a layer of metal oxide nanoparticles; and a mesoporous silica-containing shell surrounding the layer of metal oxide nanoparticles, wherein the mesoporous silica-containing shell has an outer surface and an inner surface inside the outer surface, the outer surface having openings leading to pores extending through said mesoporous silica-containing shell to the inner surface, wherein the metal oxide is selected from a group consisting of zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, titanium oxide, niobium oxide, cerium oxide, molybdenum oxide, scandium oxide, yttrium oxide, and lanthanum oxide. The present application is also directed to a method of making such catalyst and a method for catalytically hydrogenolyzing a polymer with the catalyst into solvent, naphtha, diesel, kerosine, base oil, or wax-like products.

The present application is directed to a catalyst comprising a layer of metal oxide nanoparticles; and a mesoporous silica-containing shell surrounding the layer of metal oxide nanoparticles, wherein the mesoporous silica-containing shell has an outer surface and an inner surface inside the outer surface, the outer surface having openings leading to pores extending through said mesoporous silica-containing shell to the inner surface, wherein the metal oxide is selected from a group consisting of zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, titanium oxide, niobium oxide, cerium oxide, molybdenum oxide, scandium oxide, yttrium oxide, and lanthanum oxide. The present application is also directed to a method of making such catalyst and a method for catalytically hydrogenolyzing a polymer with the catalyst into solvent, naphtha, diesel, kerosine, base oil, or wax-like products.