Provided is a calixarene compound represented by structural formula (1). In structural formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a structural moiety (A) having a functional group (I), a structural moiety (B) having a functional group (II) having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond (excluding maleate groups), a structural moiety (C) having both the functional group (I) and the functional group (II), a monovalent organic group (D) that has 1 to 20 carbon atoms and is other than the structural moieties (A), (B) and (C), or a hydrogen atom (E). At least one of a plurality of R.sup.2s is the structural moiety (A), the structural moiety (B), the structural moiety (C), or the organic group (D).

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Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to switchable carboxybetaine-based polymers, hydrogels, and/or elastomers, along with novel related monomers, crosslinkers, and methods. Under acidic conditions, the materials undergo self-cyclization and can catch and kill bacteria. Under neutral/basic conditions, these materials undergo ring-opening and can release killed bacterial cells and resist protein adsorption and bacterial attachment. These smart polymers, hydrogels and elastomers also show excellent mechanical properties making them highly desirable for many biomedical applications.

This disclosure is to provide a laminate with improved adhesiveness between the layers and excellent softness, and a conductive roller which enables sufficient pressing contact when pressed to other members. The laminate of this disclosure is a laminate comprising at least 2 or more energy ray curable resin layers formed by curing a resin composition with an energy ray, wherein: the laminate has an energy ray curable resin layer (1) and an energy ray curable resin layer (2); and a first resin composition used in formation of the energy ray curable resin layer (1) contains an energy ray curable resin (A) having an ethylene oxide skeleton having two or more ethylene oxide repeating units.

Provided is a polymer flocculant which is capable of controlling the structure of a polymer that is a copolymerization product of a monomer (a) having a structure derived from formula (I) in each molecule and a water-soluble unsaturated monomer (b) having a polymerizable unsaturated bond in each molecule, and which has a branched or cross-linking structure, and is excellent in water-solubility and water dispersibility, ##STR00001## In formula (I), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are respectively a linear or branched functional group configured of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon not having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen; W is a non-metal element of the group 15; X and Y are each a linear or branched functional group configured of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, and each have at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, provided that X and Y have different structures; and Z is a chlorine ion, a bromine ion, or an iodine ion.

Provided is a polymer flocculant which is capable of controlling the structure of a polymer that is a copolymerization product of a monomer (a) having a structure derived from formula (I) in each molecule and a water-soluble unsaturated monomer (b) having a polymerizable unsaturated bond in each molecule, and which has a branched or cross-linking structure, and is excellent in water-solubility and water dispersibility, ##STR00001## In formula (I), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are respectively a linear or branched functional group configured of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon not having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen; W is a non-metal element of the group 15; X and Y are each a linear or branched functional group configured of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, and each have at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, provided that X and Y have different structures; and Z is a chlorine ion, a bromine ion, or an iodine ion.

The present invention is directed to an acrylic polymer prepared from a reaction mixture comprising: (i) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising hydroxyl functional groups; (ii) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising polydialkylsiloxane groups; (iii) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising carboxylic acid functional groups or amine functional groups; and (iv) a reactive diluent that is reactive with the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (iii). The reactive diluent (iv) is present initially in the reaction mixture as a medium in which the monomers polymerize. The present invention is further directed to aqueous polymeric dispersions prepared therefrom and aqueous, curable film-forming compositions prepared from the dispersions. The curable film-forming compositions are low VOC and are useful in methods of mitigating dirt build-up on a substrate.

The present invention is directed to an acrylic polymer prepared from a reaction mixture comprising: (i) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising hydroxyl functional groups; (ii) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising polydialkylsiloxane groups; (iii) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising carboxylic acid functional groups or amine functional groups; and (iv) a reactive diluent that is reactive with the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (iii). The reactive diluent (iv) is present initially in the reaction mixture as a medium in which the monomers polymerize. The present invention is further directed to aqueous polymeric dispersions prepared therefrom and aqueous, curable film-forming compositions prepared from the dispersions. The curable film-forming compositions are low VOC and are useful in methods of mitigating dirt build-up on a substrate.

There is provided a method of manufacturing an electrophoretic particle, in which the electrophoretic particle includes a mother particle and a block copolymer, including: a step of polymerizing a monomer M having a site contributing to dispersibility into a dispersion medium, a monomer M including a second functional group having reactivity with the first functional group, a charged monomer M by living polymerization without random copolymerizing the monomer M1 and the monomer M2 so as to obtain the block copolymer; and a step of reacting the first functional group and the second functional group to a bonding section to a mother particle so as to connect the block copolymer to the mother particle.

There is provided a method of manufacturing an electrophoretic particle, in which the electrophoretic particle includes a mother particle and a block copolymer, including: a step of polymerizing a monomer M having a site contributing to dispersibility into a dispersion medium, a monomer M including a second functional group having reactivity with the first functional group, a charged monomer M by living polymerization without random copolymerizing the monomer M1 and the monomer M2 so as to obtain the block copolymer; and a step of reacting the first functional group and the second functional group to a bonding section to a mother particle so as to connect the block copolymer to the mother particle.

A copolymer useful as a water clarifier for a water phase of a production fluid is selected from those with a first monomer and a second monomer, and in one non-limiting embodiment having the general formula:

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wherein y is 10 to 50,000; z is 1 to 10,000 and n is 1 to 250. The copolymer may optionally include a third monomer. In an optional embodiment of the process, the fluid has a hydrocarbon phase, and the process further involves simultaneously drying the hydrocarbon phase of the fluid along with clarifying the water phase.