A breath analyte device includes a breath volume in fluid communication with a sampling volume. The device also includes a sampling sensor configured to generate a breath signal that varies in response to changes in gas pressure (e.g., sound waves) in the breath volume and one or more analyte sensors configured to generate one or more analyte signals that vary in response to a concentration of one or more target analytes present in the sampling volume. A control unit is configured to determine a time at which to measure the concentration of target analytes in the sampling volume based on the breath signal and measure the concentration of the target analytes based on the analyte signals at the determined time. The device may also include a pump configured to motivate gas from the breath volume into the sampling volume prior to measuring the concentration of the target analytes.

A multivariate spirometer and associated systems and methods are described. The spirometer has a housing defining a flow path and one or more sensors for detecting CO.sub.2 concentration values, temperature and/or flow rates of air in the flow path. The spirometer may be configured to generate time series data by sampling CO.sub.2 concentration values, temperature and/or flow rates at a predetermined frequency during inhalation and/or exhalation. Optionally, a processor is used to generate one or more output readings based on the CO.sub.2 concentration values, temperatures and/or flow rates.

A method of method of high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) monitoring includes delivering high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) via a central lumen of a nasal cannula, the nasal cannula comprising a proximal end, a distal end positioned within a pharynx region of a patient's airway, and the central lumen and a sampling lumen formed within a wall of the nasal cannula. The method also includes receiving sampled exhaled breath of the patient via the sampling lumen at a CO.sub.2 monitor, wherein the sampling lumen is configured to sample the exhaled breath at the pharynx region through the CO2-permeable membrane and direct the sampled exhaled breath to a CO.sub.2 monitor fluidly coupled to the sampling lumen and determining a level of CO.sub.2 in the exhaled breath using the CO.sub.2 monitor.

There is provided a controller for a fluid-detection system, wherein the controller is configured to: determine if a user is interacting with the fluid detection system, wherein the determining comprises at least one of: determining whether a user is within a predetermined distance of the fluid detection system; determining whether a user is in physical contact with the fluid detection system; determining whether a fluid sensor of the fluid detection system is in a mouth of a user; and control the temperature of the fluid sensor of the fluid detection system based on the result of the determination. There is also provided a fluid based detection system comprising the controller, a device comprising the controller, a remote device comprising the controller, and a computer implemented method for controlling a fluid detection system, the method comprising the steps of: determining if a user is interacting with the fluid detection system, wherein the determining comprises at least one of: determining whether a user is within a predetermined distance of the system; determining whether a user is in physical contact with the fluid detection system; determining whether a fluid sensor of the fluid detection system is in a mouth of a user; and controlling the temperature of the fluid sensor of the fluid detection system based on the result of the determination.

A portable system is disclosed for collecting a sample from exhaled breath of a subject. Drug substance in the exhaled breath are detected or determined. The sample is collected for further analysis using mass-spectroscopy. The system comprises a sampling unit and a housing arranged to hold the sampling unit, the sampling unit is adapted to collect non-volatile and volatile compounds of the at least one drug substance from the exhaled breath from the subject. The housing has at least one inlet for the subject to exhale into the housing to the sampling unit and at least one outlet for the exhaled breath to exit through.

An apparatus for oxygenation and/or CO2 clearance of a patient. The apparatus comprising: a flow source or a connection for a flow source for providing a gas flow, a gas flow modulator, a controller to control the gas flow. The controller is operable to: receive input relating to heart activity and/or trachea gas flow of the patient, and control the gas flow modulator to provide a varying gas flow with at least two oscillating components. One oscillating component has a frequency based on the heart activity and/or trachea flow of the patient. One oscillating component has a frequency to: promote bulk gas flow movement, or promote mixing.

A system for transdermal alcohol sensing to be worn near a skin surface of a user, including: an alcohol sensor; a microporous membrane; a housing coupled to the alcohol sensor and the membrane, defining a volume between the alcohol sensor and a first membrane side, and fluidly isolating the volume from a second membrane side opposing the first membrane side; an electronics subsystem electrically coupled to the alcohol sensor, operable to power and receive signals from the alcohol sensor; and a fastener operable to position the second membrane side proximal the skin surface.

A breath alcohol measurement device has a sample collector (1) with a sample inlet (2) configured for a contactless introduction of a breath sample. A measurement unit (9) has a sensor (16) that generates a measurement signal based on an alcohol content in the breath sample. A control and evaluation unit (4) determines the alcohol content based on the measurement signal and transmits a result-specific signal to an output unit (5). Some of the breath sample provided into the sample inlet (2) is applied, at least intermittently via a main flow duct (10), to the sensor (16) via a measurement gas duct (21) that is connected via an outlet to the environment (7). Between the sample inlet (2) and the outlet of the main flow duct there is a further outflow opening (6) through which some of the breath sample introduced into the sample inlet exits into the environment.

A method of determining a duration of safe apnoea. Information is obtained relating to a respiratory indicator, and a duration of safe apnoea is determined from the obtained information. A respiratory therapy system has one or more patient interfaces. A processor is configured to determine a duration of safe apnoea based on obtained information relating to a respiratory indicator.

It is provided a wearable device for determining when a user has fallen down. The wearable device comprises: a first biometric sensor for obtaining first biometric data of the user, wherein the first biometric sensor is a first accelerometer configured to measure acceleration of a part of a first limb of the user; a second biometric sensor for obtaining second biometric data of the user comprising a finger pressure parameter; and a third biometric sensor for obtaining third biometric data, the third biometric sensor being a second accelerometer configured to measure acceleration of a body part of the user being distinct from the first limb. The wearable device is configured to determine an identity of the user is based on the first biometric data, the second biometric data and the third biometric data, the identity being used to control access to a physical space, and to determine when the user has fallen down.