The present disclosure provides a tire in which cracks or other defects on the surface of a tire component can be reduced to provide an excellent market life. A tire including a rubber layer and satisfying the following relationships (1) and (2): E1/E2×100>25 (1); and E1/E2×T×100>50 (2) wherein E1 denotes the fracture energy (MPa.Math.%) determined by cutting a No. 7 dumbbell-shaped specimen cut out of the rubber layer, heat-treating the specimen with the cut sections attached to each other at 170° C. for 12 minutes, and then stretching and deforming the specimen; E2 denotes the fracture energy (MPa.Math.%) determined by heat-treating a No. 7 dumbbell-shaped specimen cut out of the rubber layer at 170° C. for 12 minutes and then stretching and deforming the specimen; and T denotes the thickness (mm) of the rubber layer.

An ultra-light graphene-rubber foam particle for soles is prepared from, by weight, 60-65 parts of natural rubber, 8-12 parts of isoprene rubber, 8-12 parts of butadiene rubber, 6-8 parts of styrene butadiene rubber, 0.8-1.0 parts of modified graphene, 0.08-0.12 parts of poly(N-vinylacetamide), 0.8-1.0 parts of silicone oil, 3.0-3.5 parts of inorganic nano-particles, 1.2-1.5 parts of activated zinc oxide, 0.8-1.0 parts of zinc stearate, 1.0-1.2 parts of stearic acid, 0.8-1.0 parts of cross-linking agents, 2.0-3.0 parts of flow promotors, and 1.5-1.8 parts of foaming agents. According to the invention, the modified graphene is uniformly dispersed into the rubber materials, so that the ultra-light graphene-rubber foam particle has good thermal stability, wear resistance and tensile strength, the permanent compressive-deformation performance and thermal contraction resistance are improved, and the weight is reduced by over 50%.

An ultra-light graphene-rubber foam particle for soles is prepared from, by weight, 60-65 parts of natural rubber, 8-12 parts of isoprene rubber, 8-12 parts of butadiene rubber, 6-8 parts of styrene butadiene rubber, 0.8-1.0 parts of modified graphene, 0.08-0.12 parts of poly(N-vinylacetamide), 0.8-1.0 parts of silicone oil, 3.0-3.5 parts of inorganic nano-particles, 1.2-1.5 parts of activated zinc oxide, 0.8-1.0 parts of zinc stearate, 1.0-1.2 parts of stearic acid, 0.8-1.0 parts of cross-linking agents, 2.0-3.0 parts of flow promotors, and 1.5-1.8 parts of foaming agents. According to the invention, the modified graphene is uniformly dispersed into the rubber materials, so that the ultra-light graphene-rubber foam particle has good thermal stability, wear resistance and tensile strength, the permanent compressive-deformation performance and thermal contraction resistance are improved, and the weight is reduced by over 50%.

In various embodiments, methods for producing aqueous polyisoprene latex from natural cis-1,4-polyisoprene are described. The natural cis-1,4-polyisoprene may be sourced from guayule scrubs. In various embodiments, the method comprises extracting guayule plant material to form a miscella, fractionating the miscella to a preliminary cement, diluting the preliminary cement to a cement for dispersing, dispersing the cement in an aqueous surfactant mixture under high shear to produce an emulsion, and de-solventizing the emulsion to produce an aqueous latex dispersion. The rubber solids level can then be adjusted by centrifugation and dilution in water to produce a final aqueous cis-1,4-polyisoprene latex.

In various embodiments, methods for producing aqueous polyisoprene latex from natural cis-1,4-polyisoprene are described. The natural cis-1,4-polyisoprene may be sourced from guayule scrubs. In various embodiments, the method comprises extracting guayule plant material to form a miscella, fractionating the miscella to a preliminary cement, diluting the preliminary cement to a cement for dispersing, dispersing the cement in an aqueous surfactant mixture under high shear to produce an emulsion, and de-solventizing the emulsion to produce an aqueous latex dispersion. The rubber solids level can then be adjusted by centrifugation and dilution in water to produce a final aqueous cis-1,4-polyisoprene latex.

Oxo-nitrogenated iron complex having general formula (I): in which: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom; or they are selected from linear or branched, optionally halogenated C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.15, alkyl groups, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups; R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, or it is selected from linear or branched, optionally halogenated C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.15 alkyl groups, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups; X, identical or different, represent a halogen atom such as, for example, chlorine, bromine, iodine, preferably chlorine; or they are selected from. linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.15, alkyl groups, —OCOR.sub.4 groups or —OR.sub.4 groups in which R.sub.4 is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.15, alkyl groups; n is 2 or 3. Said oxo-nitrogenated iron complex having general formula (I) can be advantageously used in a catalytic system for the (co)polymerization of conjugated dienes. ##STR00001##

Oxo-nitrogenated iron complex having general formula (I): in which: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom; or they are selected from linear or branched, optionally halogenated C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.15, alkyl groups, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups; R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, or it is selected from linear or branched, optionally halogenated C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.15 alkyl groups, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups; X, identical or different, represent a halogen atom such as, for example, chlorine, bromine, iodine, preferably chlorine; or they are selected from. linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.15, alkyl groups, —OCOR.sub.4 groups or —OR.sub.4 groups in which R.sub.4 is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.15, alkyl groups; n is 2 or 3. Said oxo-nitrogenated iron complex having general formula (I) can be advantageously used in a catalytic system for the (co)polymerization of conjugated dienes. ##STR00001##

An ethylenically unsaturated polymer includes at a terminus the radical of an allylic compound that includes a functional group free of active hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the allylic C atom through a S, P, Si or Sn atom and a vinyl aromatic compound. The polymer can be used as a component of a variety of elastomeric compounds used in the production of vulcanizates.

The present invention concerns new precursors of recyclable cross-linked diene elastomers comprising at least one furanyl group along the chain and comprising chain-end units with furanyl groups, their use in the preparation of said recyclable elastomers and their process of preparation. The invention also concerns new recyclable cross-linked diene elastomers, their preparation process and their uses.

The present invention is directed to a rubber composition comprising 70 phr to 100 phr of at least one styrene butadiene rubber, 0 phr to 30 phr of at least one further diene-based rubber, from 40 phr to 200 phr of at least one filler, at least 5 phr of aluminum hydroxide, and at least 0.5 phr of a rosin based resin. Moreover, the present invention is directed to a tire comprising such a rubber composition.