Apparatus is provided that includes left-nostril, right-nostril, and oral pressure sensors and oral pressure probes. A memory is configured to store left-nostril, right-nostril, and oral pressures sensed by the respective sensors, over a total period of at least 12 hours. A processor is configured to convert the left-nostril, right-nostril, and oral pressures stored in the memory to left-nostril, right-nostril, and oral pressure airflows, respectively, and calculate a series of orally-weighted laterality-indices over a respective series of sub-periods of the total period. Each of the orally-weighted laterality-indices of each of the sub-periods is indicative of a laterality index over the sub-period weighted by a normalized oral airflow over the sub-period, such that the greater the normalized oral airflow, the smaller the orally-weighted laterality-index. Each of the orally-weighted laterality-indices of each of the sub-periods reflects relative airflow through the left and the right nostrils over the sub-period. Other embodiments are also described.

Breathing tubes for use with a spirometer. The breathing tubes include a body having an oval interior cross-sectional shape and are configured to engage interior surfaces of the spirometer, so as to ensure the proper orientation of the body within the spirometer.

A headset comprise a frame and a vibration sensor coupled to the frame. The vibration sensor may be located in a nosepad of the frame, and configured to measure tissue vibrations of a user when the headset of worn by the user. A controller receives a signal corresponding to the measured vibration data from the vibration sensor, and analyzes the received signal to infer a sequence of states of the received signal, such as a sequence of respiratory states. The controller further determines a value of a health metric based upon the inferred sequence of states, e.g., a respiratory rate of the user, and performs an action using the determined value of the health metric.

A headset comprise a frame and a vibration sensor coupled to the frame. The vibration sensor may be located in a nosepad of the frame, and configured to measure tissue vibrations of a user when the headset of worn by the user. A controller receives a signal corresponding to the measured vibration data from the vibration sensor, and analyzes the received signal to infer a sequence of states of the received signal, such as a sequence of respiratory states. The controller further determines a value of a health metric based upon the inferred sequence of states, e.g., a respiratory rate of the user, and performs an action using the determined value of the health metric.

Audio signals, collected with equipment commonly available to individuals (e.g., a mobile device), can be used to analyze a patient’s breathing. An audio signal associated with the patient’s breathing for a time period can be detected with the mobile device and used to approximate the patient’s respiratory flow for the time period. For example, the audio signal can be analyzed by determining a representation of an audio frequency of the audio signal, splitting the audio frequency of the audio signal into distinct time steps, determining points comprising a weighted mean frequency at each time step, applying a frequency-to-flow rate linear transformation at each time step to approximate the respiratory flow versus time, and plotting a graphical representation of the respiratory flow versus time. The respiratory flow for the time period can be tagged with a factor related to the patient and saved in a database for future analysis.

Audio signals, collected with equipment commonly available to individuals (e.g., a mobile device), can be used to analyze a patient’s breathing. An audio signal associated with the patient’s breathing for a time period can be detected with the mobile device and used to approximate the patient’s respiratory flow for the time period. For example, the audio signal can be analyzed by determining a representation of an audio frequency of the audio signal, splitting the audio frequency of the audio signal into distinct time steps, determining points comprising a weighted mean frequency at each time step, applying a frequency-to-flow rate linear transformation at each time step to approximate the respiratory flow versus time, and plotting a graphical representation of the respiratory flow versus time. The respiratory flow for the time period can be tagged with a factor related to the patient and saved in a database for future analysis.

An electrocardiography monitor is provided. A sealed housing includes one end wider than an opposite end of the sealed housing. Electronic circuitry is provided within the sealed housing. The electronic circuitry includes an electrographic front end circuit to sense electrocardiographic signals and a micro-controller interfaced to the electrocardiographic front end circuit to sample the electrocardiographic signals. A buzzer within the housing outputs feedback to a wearer of the sealed housing.

A capnography system includes a CO.sub.2 sensing system having a CO.sub.2 sensor configured to measure a CO.sub.2 concentration in exhaled breath of a subject, a processor configured to derive one or more breath related parameters based on the measured CO.sub.2 concentration, and a communication unit. The capnography system includes a tubing system configured to allow flow of respiratory gasses therethrough. The tubing system includes a connector configured to connect the tubing system to the CO.sub.2 sensing system and a communication component configured to provide an indication of a type of the tubing system to the communication unit. The communication unit is configured to transfer data to the processor based on the indication obtained from the communication component, and the processor is configured to change or suggest a change of an operation mode of the CO.sub.2 sensing system based on the data.

A vibrotactile stimulation device intended to be applied against a body medium (MC) to be stimulated, produced in the form of a functional unit, comprising a vibrating effector suitable for applying, to said medium, pulses of mechanical vibrational energy, and a controller for controlling the effector according to stimulation rules. The functional unit further houses a first electrode suitable for cooperating with at least one second electrode separated from the first electrode in order to supply signals representative of a cardiac activity and a muscular activity on the medium to be stimulated, said controller being sensitive to cardiac activity and muscular activity signals in order to influence the stimulation. The stimulation device may be used for body stimulation in combating sleep apnea, with improved detection.

A vibrotactile stimulation device intended to be applied against a body medium (MC) to be stimulated, produced in the form of a functional unit, comprising a vibrating effector suitable for applying, to said medium, pulses of mechanical vibrational energy, and a controller for controlling the effector according to stimulation rules. The functional unit further houses a first electrode suitable for cooperating with at least one second electrode separated from the first electrode in order to supply signals representative of a cardiac activity and a muscular activity on the medium to be stimulated, said controller being sensitive to cardiac activity and muscular activity signals in order to influence the stimulation. The stimulation device may be used for body stimulation in combating sleep apnea, with improved detection.