Devices and methods for monitoring physiologic parameters are described where an airway device, in one embodiment, may comprise a mouthpiece section and an opening section defining one or more airway lumens therethrough with a first sensor in fluid communication with the one or more airway lumens and a second sensor positioned upon a hand-piece for contact against a portion of the user. The first sensor may be configured to detect an airway pressure when a user inhales or exhales through the one or more airway lumens, and the second sensor may be configured to detect a physiological signal from the user. Additionally, a controller may be in communication with the first and second sensors where the controller is programmed to correlate pressure oscillations in the airway pressure with heartbeats.

Apparatus is provided that includes left-nostril, right-nostril, and oral pressure sensors and oral pressure probes. A memory is configured to store left-nostril, right-nostril, and oral pressures sensed by the respective sensors, over a total period of at least 12 hours. A processor is configured to convert the left-nostril, right-nostril, and oral pressures stored in the memory to left-nostril, right-nostril, and oral pressure airflows, respectively, and calculate a series of orally-weighted laterality-indices over a respective series of sub-periods of the total period. Each of the orally-weighted laterality-indices of each of the sub-periods is indicative of a laterality index over the sub-period weighted by a normalized oral airflow over the sub-period, such that the greater the normalized oral airflow, the smaller the orally-weighted laterality-index. Each of the orally-weighted laterality-indices of each of the sub-periods reflects relative airflow through the left and the right nostrils over the sub-period. Other embodiments are also described.

A mouthpiece is disclosed through which a user inhales and exhales when providing an exhaled breath sample. The mouthpiece includes a mouth-engaging element about which a user places their mouth when using the mouthpiece and also a housing having a housing wall. The housing wall defines a first aperture through the housing wall, the first aperture being linked by a conduit defining a first fluid flow path to the mouth-engaging element. Interposed therebetween is a first directional valve, allowing air into the mouthpiece from atmosphere. A second conduit is provided, defining a second fluid flow path from the mouth-engaging element, and directing exhaled air out of a second aperture of the mouthpiece. The second conduit houses a second directional valve housed within the second fluid flow path.

A mouthpiece is disclosed through which a user inhales and exhales when providing an exhaled breath sample. The mouthpiece includes a mouth-engaging element about which a user places their mouth when using the mouthpiece and also a housing having a housing wall. The housing wall defines a first aperture through the housing wall, the first aperture being linked by a conduit defining a first fluid flow path to the mouth-engaging element. Interposed therebetween is a first directional valve, allowing air into the mouthpiece from atmosphere. A second conduit is provided, defining a second fluid flow path from the mouth-engaging element, and directing exhaled air out of a second aperture of the mouthpiece. The second conduit houses a second directional valve housed within the second fluid flow path.

Disclosed is a glucose measuring apparatus including a pressure measurer having an elastic part or a pressure sensor, that measures a pressure applied to an object, a film that comprises a first optical waveguide configured to be close to the object, a near infrared ray (NIR) irradiator that irradiates an NIR to the first optical waveguide if the measured pressure is greater than or equal to a preset value, an NIR receiver that receives an attenuated total reflection NIR (ATR-NIR) from the first optical waveguide, and an analyzer that measures a blood glucose level based on the ATR-NIR, wherein the film is an independent module that can be combined with and separated from the glucose measuring apparatus.

Disclosed is a glucose measuring apparatus including a pressure measurer having an elastic part or a pressure sensor, that measures a pressure applied to an object, a film that comprises a first optical waveguide configured to be close to the object, a near infrared ray (NIR) irradiator that irradiates an NIR to the first optical waveguide if the measured pressure is greater than or equal to a preset value, an NIR receiver that receives an attenuated total reflection NIR (ATR-NIR) from the first optical waveguide, and an analyzer that measures a blood glucose level based on the ATR-NIR, wherein the film is an independent module that can be combined with and separated from the glucose measuring apparatus.

A system for collecting and retaining a sample from exhaled breath of a subject for analysis can include a two part housing, a two part trap section, and optionally a boat fitment. Disclosed is a portable fluid sampling device comprising: a housing including a first portion removably attachable to a second portion, the first and second portions being configured to combine to form a chamber therein, the chamber being configured to at least temporarily contain or hold a biological sample therein, at least one of the first portion and the second portion including an inlet, the other of the first portion and the second portion including an outlet, wherein the device further comprises at least one of the following: a) one of the first portion and the second portion including an end having a projection, the other of the first portion and the second portion including an end having a groove, the groove being configured to receive at least a portion of the projection therein; or b) tamper evident means for indicating that the first portion of the housing has previously been separated from the second portion of the housing.

A system for collecting and retaining a sample from exhaled breath of a subject for analysis can include a two part housing, a two part trap section, and optionally a boat fitment. Disclosed is a portable fluid sampling device comprising: a housing including a first portion removably attachable to a second portion, the first and second portions being configured to combine to form a chamber therein, the chamber being configured to at least temporarily contain or hold a biological sample therein, at least one of the first portion and the second portion including an inlet, the other of the first portion and the second portion including an outlet, wherein the device further comprises at least one of the following: a) one of the first portion and the second portion including an end having a projection, the other of the first portion and the second portion including an end having a groove, the groove being configured to receive at least a portion of the projection therein; or b) tamper evident means for indicating that the first portion of the housing has previously been separated from the second portion of the housing.

A method and system for monitoring a user's intoxication including receiving a set of signals, derived from a set of samples collected from the user at a set of time points; providing a sobriety task to the user proximal to a time point of the set of time points; generating a performance dataset characterizing performance of the sobriety task by the user; receiving a supplementary dataset characterizing a demographic profile of the user and/or a physiological state of the user; determining a set of values of an intoxication metric, derived from the set of signals; generating a predicted temporal profile of the intoxication metric for the user based upon the set of values, the set of time points, and the supplementary dataset; generating an analysis of the user's sobriety based upon the performance dataset and the predicted temporal profile; and providing a notification to the user based upon the analysis.

A method and system for monitoring a user's intoxication including receiving a set of signals, derived from a set of samples collected from the user at a set of time points; providing a sobriety task to the user proximal to a time point of the set of time points; generating a performance dataset characterizing performance of the sobriety task by the user; receiving a supplementary dataset characterizing a demographic profile of the user and/or a physiological state of the user; determining a set of values of an intoxication metric, derived from the set of signals; generating a predicted temporal profile of the intoxication metric for the user based upon the set of values, the set of time points, and the supplementary dataset; generating an analysis of the user's sobriety based upon the performance dataset and the predicted temporal profile; and providing a notification to the user based upon the analysis.