A flame-retardant antimicrobial agent is a polymer microsphere with the surface grafted thereof with a guanidine salt. The polymer microsphere has a cross-linked structure composed of a structural unit A derived from maleic anhydride, a structural unit B derived from a monomer M, and a structural unit C derived from a cross-linking agent. The monomer M is selected from a C.sub.4-C.sub.9 aliphatic olefin or a mixture thereof, and the guanidine salt comprises at least one guanidine salt having the property of flame resistance. The flame-retardant antimicrobial agent has both a good antimicrobial effect and a good flame-retardant effect. A flame-retardant antimicrobial thermoplastic resin composition containing the flame-retardant antimicrobial agent also has a good flame-retardant and antimicrobial performance and a good overall performance.

Amphiphilic copolymers and compositions including amphiphilic copolymers. The amphiphilic copolymers include modified maleimide subunits, for example, as illustrated by the structures of Formula I.sup.A and Formula I.sup.B. The compositions form water-soluble complexes upon association with biological material wherein such biological material can include lipids or membrane proteins. Methods for producing, purifying, analyzing, and using the compositions and complexes are provided.

Amphiphilic copolymers and compositions including amphiphilic copolymers. The amphiphilic copolymers include modified maleimide subunits, for example, as illustrated by the structures of Formula I.sup.A and Formula I.sup.B. The compositions form water-soluble complexes upon association with biological material wherein such biological material can include lipids or membrane proteins. Methods for producing, purifying, analyzing, and using the compositions and complexes are provided.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to the production of alternating polymers of maleic anhydride or an N-substituted maleimide with a stilbene.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to the production of alternating polymers of maleic anhydride or an N-substituted maleimide with a stilbene.

The present invention includes compositions, methods, and methods of making and using a nanoscale discoidal membrane comprising: an amphiphilic membrane patch comprising self-assembled molecular amphiphiles capable of supporting one or more membrane proteins in the amphiphilic membrane patch; and one or more amphipathic scaffold macromolecules that encase the nanoscale discoidal membrane.

The present invention includes compositions, methods, and methods of making and using a nanoscale discoidal membrane comprising: an amphiphilic membrane patch comprising self-assembled molecular amphiphiles capable of supporting one or more membrane proteins in the amphiphilic membrane patch; and one or more amphipathic scaffold macromolecules that encase the nanoscale discoidal membrane.

A crosslinking material, the crosslinking material comprising the reaction product of a reaction mixture comprising: (i) a cyclic unsaturated acid anhydride and/or diacid derivative thereof; (ii) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer; and (iii) an alcohol, amine and/or thiol,
wherein the cyclic unsaturated acid anhydride and/or diacid derivative thereof is partially-esterified by reaction with the alcohol, amine and/or thiol; and wherein the wherein the crosslinking material has an acid number of at least 100 mg KOH/g.

To provide a curable composition for imprinting whereby a cured product layer for a replica mold, which is excellent in the adhesion to a mold substrate and the release property from a cured product of a transfer object material when used in an imprinting method is formed; a replica mold for imprinting, using the curable composition for imprinting; its production process and a process for producing an article having a fine pattern on its surface by using the replica mold. A curable composition for imprinting, which comprises a fluorinated polymer comprising structural units (a) based on CH.sub.2═C(R.sup.1)C(O)OR.sup.2R.sup.f (R.sup.1: a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or the like, R.sup.2: a bivalent linking group having no fluorine atom and R.sup.f: a C.sub.2-6 fluoroalkyl group or the like) and structural units (b) having a cationic polymerizable reactive group having an oxygen atom, and a photo-acid generator, wherein the proportion of the fluorinated polymer is from 11 to 89 mass % in 100 mass % of the curable composition for imprinting.

To provide a curable composition for imprinting whereby a cured product layer for a replica mold, which is excellent in the adhesion to a mold substrate and the release property from a cured product of a transfer object material when used in an imprinting method is formed; a replica mold for imprinting, using the curable composition for imprinting; its production process and a process for producing an article having a fine pattern on its surface by using the replica mold. A curable composition for imprinting, which comprises a fluorinated polymer comprising structural units (a) based on CH.sub.2═C(R.sup.1)C(O)OR.sup.2R.sup.f (R.sup.1: a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or the like, R.sup.2: a bivalent linking group having no fluorine atom and R.sup.f: a C.sub.2-6 fluoroalkyl group or the like) and structural units (b) having a cationic polymerizable reactive group having an oxygen atom, and a photo-acid generator, wherein the proportion of the fluorinated polymer is from 11 to 89 mass % in 100 mass % of the curable composition for imprinting.