The present invention includes compositions, methods, and methods of making and using a polymer-encased nanodisc comprising: one or more integral membrane proteins in a lipid layer; and a polymer comprising zwitterionic styrene-maleic acid derivative repeating units that carry zero or nearly zero negative charge, and the polymer-encased nanodiscs.

The present invention includes compositions, methods, and methods of making and using a polymer-encased nanodisc comprising: one or more integral membrane proteins in a lipid layer; and a polymer comprising zwitterionic styrene-maleic acid derivative repeating units that carry zero or nearly zero negative charge, and the polymer-encased nanodiscs.

The present invention includes compositions, methods, and methods of making and using a polymer-encased nanodisc comprising: one or more integral membrane proteins in a lipid layer; and a polymer comprising zwitterionic styrene-maleic acid derivative repeating units that carry zero or nearly zero negative charge, and the polymer-encased nanodiscs.

The present invention provides a coating composition capable of forming a coating film having a good appearance and design of a coating film and having coating film properties such as scratch resistance with a good balance. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for forming a multilayer coating film including forming a coating film using the coating composition of the present invention.

The present invention provides a coating composition capable of forming a coating film having a good appearance and design of a coating film and having coating film properties such as scratch resistance with a good balance. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for forming a multilayer coating film including forming a coating film using the coating composition of the present invention.

The present invention provides a coating composition capable of forming a coating film having a good appearance and design of a coating film and having coating film properties such as scratch resistance with a good balance. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for forming a multilayer coating film including forming a coating film using the coating composition of the present invention.

The present invention provides a coating composition capable of forming a coating film having a good appearance and design of a coating film and having coating film properties such as scratch resistance with a good balance. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for forming a multilayer coating film including forming a coating film using the coating composition of the present invention.

An inkjet ink includes at least pigment particles, a resin, and water. Dispersed particles in the inkjet ink including the pigment particles have an average particle diameter of at least 90 nm and no greater than 100 nm. The resin has a mass ratio to the pigment particles of at least 0.05 and no greater than 0.10. The resin includes at least a repeating unit represented by formula (1) and a repeating unit represented by formula (2). A molar ratio of the repeating unit represented by the formula (2) to the repeating unit represented by the formula (1) is at least 0.35 and no greater than 0.80. In formula (2), R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having a carbon number of 3 or 4

##STR00001##

An inkjet ink includes at least pigment particles, a resin, and water. Dispersed particles in the inkjet ink including the pigment particles have an average particle diameter of at least 90 nm and no greater than 100 nm. The resin has a mass ratio to the pigment particles of at least 0.05 and no greater than 0.10. The resin includes at least a repeating unit represented by formula (1) and a repeating unit represented by formula (2). A molar ratio of the repeating unit represented by the formula (2) to the repeating unit represented by the formula (1) is at least 0.35 and no greater than 0.80. In formula (2), R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having a carbon number of 3 or 4

##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are polymers, which can be incorporated in pigment dispersions and inkjet ink compositions, comprising first monomers selected from ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomers, and second monomers selected from maleic anhydride, maleic acid, and salts, esters, imides, and amides thereof. The polymers can have a portion of the second monomers functionalized with at least one organic group having a calcium index value greater than or equal to a calcium index value of phenylphosphonic acid. Additionally and/or alternatively, the at least one polymer can be crosslinked via the second monomers. Dispersions and inkjet ink compositions comprising such polymers can also further comprise at least one pigment and a liquid vehicle. Also disclosed are methods of making such polymers.