The present invention relates to a method for forming a polymeric nanocoating on a substrate as well as substrates bearing the polymeric nanocoating. The method comprises exposing the substrate to a plasma comprising one or more unsaturated monomeric species for a period of time sufficient to allow the coating to form on the substrate. The one or more unsaturated monomeric species comprise (i) an aromatic moiety and (ii) a carbonyl moiety. The one or more unsaturated monomeric species also comprise a crosslinking reagent.

[Problem to be solved] To provide a water-soluble film having good transparency and good releasability from a support with less surfactant content.

[Solution] A water-soluble film containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin and surfactant, wherein a content of the surfactant is 0.005 to 1 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl alcohol resin, and a ratio S(0)/S(32) of an abundance amount S(0) of the surfactant on at least one surface of the water-soluble film to an abundance amount S(32) of the surfactant on a cross-section surface at a depth of 32 nm from the at least one surface of the water-soluble film, measured by a count number of fragment ions derived from the surfactant detected by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry on the at least one surface of the water-soluble film, is in the range of 100 to 500.

[Problem to be solved] To provide a water-soluble film having good transparency and good releasability from a support with less surfactant content.

[Solution] A water-soluble film containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin and surfactant, wherein a content of the surfactant is 0.005 to 1 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl alcohol resin, and a ratio S(0)/S(32) of an abundance amount S(0) of the surfactant on at least one surface of the water-soluble film to an abundance amount S(32) of the surfactant on a cross-section surface at a depth of 32 nm from the at least one surface of the water-soluble film, measured by a count number of fragment ions derived from the surfactant detected by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry on the at least one surface of the water-soluble film, is in the range of 100 to 500.

A silicone-(meth) acrylate copolymer and methods for the preparation and use of the copolymer are provided. The copolymer is soluble in ethanol under ambient conditions. The copolymer, or homogeneous ethanol solution thereof, may be used as a film forming agent in a personal care composition, such as a foundation.

A silicone-(meth) acrylate copolymer and methods for the preparation and use of the copolymer are provided. The copolymer is soluble in ethanol under ambient conditions. The copolymer, or homogeneous ethanol solution thereof, may be used as a film forming agent in a personal care composition, such as a foundation.

A resin composition contains a 2-methylene-1,3-dicarbonyl compound and an initiator. The 2-methylene-1,3-dicarbonyl compound has a molecular weight of 180 to 10,000, and the initiator contains a basic substance having a pK.sub.a of 8 or greater. The 2-methylene-1,3-dicarbonyl compound contains a structural unit represented by the following formula (I) ##STR00001##

An active energy ray-curable composition is disclosed including: an anionically polymerizable compound represented by (1): ##STR00001##
wherein EWG represents an electron-withdrawing group, X represents a single bond or an oxygen atom (—O—), R represents an n-valent organic group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 6; when n is an integer of 2 to 6, the respective EWG and the respective X may be the same or different; and when n is 1, EWG and R may be bonded; and a compound (photobase generator) represented by (2): ##STR00002##
wherein ring A represents an aromatic ring that may be substituted or a heteroaromatic ring that may be substituted; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with an adjacent nitrogen atom; and the ring may be substituted.

An active energy ray-curable composition is disclosed including: an anionically polymerizable compound represented by (1): ##STR00001##
wherein EWG represents an electron-withdrawing group, X represents a single bond or an oxygen atom (—O—), R represents an n-valent organic group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 6; when n is an integer of 2 to 6, the respective EWG and the respective X may be the same or different; and when n is 1, EWG and R may be bonded; and a compound (photobase generator) represented by (2): ##STR00002##
wherein ring A represents an aromatic ring that may be substituted or a heteroaromatic ring that may be substituted; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with an adjacent nitrogen atom; and the ring may be substituted.

Lubricants with a terpolymer made of diester, olefin and acrylate The invention relates to a lubricant comprising a terpolymer which comprises in polymerized forma diester selected from di(C.sub.4-C.sub.22 alkyl)ester of maleic acid, fumaric acid, 2-methylmaleic acid, 2,3-dimethylmaleic acid, 2-methylfumaric acid, 2,3-dimethylfumaric acid, or mixtures thereof, an olefin selected from C.sub.6-C.sub.40 alky-1-ene, and an acrylate selected from C.sub.4-C.sub.40 alkyl (meth)acrylate. The invention further relates to the terpolymer, a process for preparing the terpolymer comprising the step of polymerizing the diester, the olefin, and the acrylate; and to a method for reducing friction between moving surfaces comprising the step of contacting the surfaces with the lubricant or with the terpolymer.

Lubricants with a terpolymer made of diester, olefin and acrylate The invention relates to a lubricant comprising a terpolymer which comprises in polymerized forma diester selected from di(C.sub.4-C.sub.22 alkyl)ester of maleic acid, fumaric acid, 2-methylmaleic acid, 2,3-dimethylmaleic acid, 2-methylfumaric acid, 2,3-dimethylfumaric acid, or mixtures thereof, an olefin selected from C.sub.6-C.sub.40 alky-1-ene, and an acrylate selected from C.sub.4-C.sub.40 alkyl (meth)acrylate. The invention further relates to the terpolymer, a process for preparing the terpolymer comprising the step of polymerizing the diester, the olefin, and the acrylate; and to a method for reducing friction between moving surfaces comprising the step of contacting the surfaces with the lubricant or with the terpolymer.